In my opinion, the modern definition of the subject of economic theory is more accurate.

Economic theory is the study of finding the best use of scarce economic goods to satisfy human needs.

It seems to me so, because such a definition of the subject is relevant in our time, when people's needs are so high and the number of resources is limited. Modern economic theory shifts the emphasis from the problems of wealth to the patterns of its formation.

I think that the subject of economic theory can be reduced to the study of three fundamental problems of economics, because the search for the optimal answer to the three questions of economics will be the search for the best use of rare economic resources.

B. Trace the relationship between the economic development of society and the features of scientific theories that appeared in the corresponding era:

Discuss how justified such a direct comparison of the level of economic development and the content of economic theories is?

IN. What opportunities do the following methods provide an economist?

Tests

An unsuccessful tattoo or, as it is popularly called, “partak” can become a real problem and obstacle in life, for example, at the time of hiring, joining organizations with conservative morals, or even in relationships with the opposite sex. A damaged area of ​​skin will not add elegance and aesthetics to the appearance, but, on the contrary, will create additional discomfort every day. Then the owners of an unsuccessful tattoo resort to removing the ink from the skin, since in the modern world this has become much easier and more effective, but some, at their own peril and risk, decide to carry out the procedure at home. Let's take a closer look at how to remove a tattoo yourself with visual examples.

Types of paint and classic mixing methods

The main classification of tattoo paint is based on the color scheme, since the base of the solution remains unchanged - only pigment is added to create a specific shade. Initially, there was only one color for a tattoo - black, which limited the artist’s capabilities, but in the modern world there are already many different colors of paint to create the most vivid and colorful picture. It is worth noting that the appearance of colored inks significantly complicates the process of tattooing due to its composition.

There are several most popular ways to get rid of a tattoo:

• Coverup or overlap. If you have a completely democratic attitude towards tattoos, but you are simply not satisfied with the image on your skin, made, for example, in your youth out of stupidity, then you can simply cover up your “partak”. To do this, it is necessary, after consulting with the artist, to select a sketch you like, which will be larger and brighter than the current tattoo, and to fill a new, fresh tattoo on top of the old one. This method allows you to completely hide the unsuccessful image and become the owner of a pre-thought-out beautiful tattoo.

  Find a tattoo artist with extensive experience in covering up old tattoos.

• Tattoo cream. There are many special creams, the effect of which is aimed at completely destroying the tattoo. By interacting with the chemical composition of the ink, the cream helps the skin actively reject the tattoo, and over time the design will disappear. The procedure lasts about a month, at the end of which the tattoo becomes covered with a crust and falls off, after which the wound heals. This is a relatively effective method: as a rule, two procedures are enough to achieve the desired effect.
• Mechanical peeling. The procedure involves exfoliating the top layer of skin, which contains the bulk of the paint, and sanding it using a sharp cutter or brush. Afterwards, the recovery process and healing of the wound begins. This method is suitable for those with small tattoos, since after the procedure, as a rule, scars and stains remain.
• Chemical peeling. The presented method, like the previous one, is aimed at exfoliating and removing paint particles, but with the help of special acids and chemical solutions. This is a rather painful and ineffective process that requires repeated sessions.
• Physical laser removal. This is the most effective and practical method, because a laser can remove tattoos of any size, complexity and color. There are certain types of lasers designed for specific shades. During the procedure, the pigment of the paint is split and destroyed, followed by its natural removal from the body through the lymph. The laser also fades the paint, making it less noticeable. After several procedures, you can achieve complete removal of the tattoo from the body.

  Among the proposed tattoo removal methods, laser removal is the most effective and safe.

How to remove a tattoo with a laser (video from experts)

Removal at home with iodine and other means

Although the tattoo removal procedure in professional studios and salons is quite expensive, it is better to overpay the extra money than to jeopardize your own health and life by resorting to the following method of tattoo removal:

1. Iodine. After the procedure, the treated skin receives a severe unsafe burn, becomes crusty and falls off over time along with the paint. After some time, it is necessary to repeat the session again, respectively, to burn the skin to the tattoo again. In this case, there is a risk that in the future you will have to start treating the skin for a severe burn.
2. Potassium permanganate. When resorting to this method, you need to take potassium permanganate powder, pour it only onto the required area, then moisten it with water, for example, using a spray bottle, wrap it with gauze and leave for three hours. The session must be repeated daily. That is, every day your skin will be subject to strong physical and chemical exposure, irritated and peeled for three hours.

   In cosmetology, there is a procedure for glycolic peeling of facial skin. Home experiments with exposure time and concentration of the substance cannot be called successful

3. Glycolic acid. The principle is also based on burning and getting rid of the top layer of skin. This is a rather unsafe and painful method.
4. Milk. Some riskier tattoo owners inject milk under the skin with a syringe to break down and remove the ink. But in this case, immediate rotting and scarring of the skin should be expected.
5. Sand and stone. This truly barbaric method involves simply erasing the tattoo using sand mixed with cream and applied to the desired area. It is necessary to apply pressure and move a stone along the skin with sand and thereby erase the layers of the epidermis. During the procedure, the skin will begin to burn and it will definitely turn red. There is also a risk of infection, since the sand contains a sufficient amount of unsafe bacteria and viruses. By rubbing it into the skin with a stone, you simultaneously tear off the skin and provide free access for infection to your body.
6. Vinegar. In this case, vinegar is applied to the surface of the tattoo for five minutes, after which it is neutralized with peroxide and washed off with water. Exposing the skin to acetic acid for even five minutes is unsafe and can cause severe chemical burns.
7. Salt. This is an old folk method, the safest of all the above. Its essence lies in the fact that you need to rub dissolved salt into the tattoo area with massaging movements for half an hour. The first result will be noticeable only after four months, but for greater effect, you can add lemon juice to the salt. This method is natural and relatively safe, but not very effective, so you should resort to it if you need to remove a tattoo that has faded over time or paint of a light, unsaturated color, for example, white.

Important! It should be noted that independent attempts to remove a tattoo at home can lead to suppuration of the area, the appearance of wounds, scars, painful sensations and the need for professional treatment of damaged skin.

Consequences of building a house yourself (photo)

Are Some Tattoos Really Unremovable?

There are quite a lot of rumors that some tattoos made in an unconventional way cannot be removed. But let's look at each individual case in more detail.

Professional tattoo machines provide a very dense arrangement of pigment in the skin, and special needles allow you to introduce additional amounts of pigment into the skin. Therefore, the removal of such tattoos is much slower

• Gel pen. The use of gel pens as tattoo ink is popular in the military or prisons. The gel pen can be removed from the skin very easily using a laser. Such a dye does not present any difficulties in removing, especially if it is black. Colored gels are less common, but can also be treated, although more sessions will be required to remove blue and green gels.
• Mascara. The use of ink for tattooing is long gone, but there are still owners of such designs. Mascara is usually black in color and is easy to remove with a laser.
• Zhzhenka. Burnt rubber is the most popular in prisons. This is a rather dangerous method that causes suppuration and scars on the skin. Nevertheless, such a dye is easier to remove with a laser than others, due to the large particles and their loose arrangement.
• Special paint for tattoos. Professional dyes are much more difficult to remove because they are permanent, but still, after several sessions of laser treatment, you can completely get rid of the tattoo.

As you can see, any tattoo of any complexity and pigmentation can be removed, but this should only be done in professional studios using methods that are safe for health.

Removing a tattoo is a labor-intensive and difficult process that requires special safety precautions, because we are talking about your health. Removing tattoos at home is a less expensive and even cheaper method that does not require special equipment and professional knowledge, but do not forget that these are risky techniques that may not only not help, but also harm your health and the body as a whole. To ensure the safest tattoo removal procedure, you must contact a specialized studio or salon.

How to remove a fresh tattoo? and got the best answer

Reply from [guru]
At home, the only thing you can do from a tattoo is a skin burn, which will be even worse. Now only skin plastic surgery, laser removal is better.

Answer from 2 answers[guru]

Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: How to remove a fresh tattoo?

Answer from ANASTASIA SIMANENKA[active]
I don't think this is possible. After all, the coloring pigment is injected directly into the skin.
The only thing I think can be done is laser removal. (not completely removed, but the fact that it will lighten is 100%). And put the best one on top.

Answer from ILYA ZAITSEV[newbie]
(hah

Answer from Vladislav Bukovsky[newbie]
Laser in a special clinic!

Answer from Ilya Gorbachev[newbie]
With epidermis

Answer from Bam bam[newbie]
What nonsense, it’s easy to remove, go to any tattoo parlor and ask how it can be removed, the best option is to paint it over with white paint and everything will be fine, luck will be almost unnoticeable

Answer from Andrey Degtyarev[guru]
Skin polishing. This is for the doctors.

Answer from Alexey Kourov[guru]
We take iodine, 5%, 10% will not do too well
concentrated. If the tattoo is small, lubricate it
completely 3 times a day with iodine. We break the big one into
several sections and remove them one by one.

Answer from Mistress of the still waters![guru]
Only with the help of a specialist!

Answer from Andrey Gavrilov[guru]
So far only laser is known.

Answer from Ivan Degdyannikov[newbie]

Answer from MS[guru]
the best way is with a laser, I’ve done it myself more than once) inexpensive and not painful

Answer from Oliya Krupina[active]
Why get a tattoo if you later take it off...?

Answer from Gimpel.[guru]
Grinding or laser, definitely, while it’s fresh, I removed a very old one with a laser and then grinding, expensive, but what can you do, but now I have a clean hand without scars.

Answer from Sergius[guru]
Rub hydrogen peroxide on a cotton swab.

Answer from Inga[guru]
›
But what methods are acceptable, and in general, is it possible to remove a tattoo at home? ..“If you don’t like the tattoo, it’s better to get it removed than to remove it. Or don’t stuff it at all, if you’re in doubt.” ...For the wound to heal normally, you need to leave it open and clean.

Answer from Liliya Garifullina[guru]
Only in the salon. Otherwise, you can ruin your skin and get some kind of infection.

Answer from Tatis[guru]
The first tip looks promising. But in fact, the result is extremely doubtful for any method.

Answer from Elenk@[active]
Under no circumstances should you delete it yourself! Is it dangerous. The scars will remain. Go to the salon and a couple of laser treatments will completely remove your hair! !!I myself suffer from the same crap, but I don’t have time to remove it. My friend removed it and it looks like it never happened

Answer from ***The Scarlet Flower***[guru]
There is a very good, and perhaps the only effective method for removing tattoos at home that I know. It is unlikely that using it you will be able to remove the tattoo completely, but with each procedure it will fade, and eventually it may disappear. However, the skin at the tattoo site will subsequently change color slightly and become rough to the touch.
Wash the tattoo area thoroughly with unscented soap and then dry it with a clean, dry towel. If there is hair in the tattoo area, it should be shaved to make the process less painful. Get some salt from the kitchen. You can use any, but if you take a large marine one, it will be quite painful. Take about 2 tablespoons of salt and pour it into a separate cup. Pour a small amount of water over the salt until some of the salt dissolves in it. At the same time, stir it constantly. Then take a clean sponge, wet it and roll it in this cup. After this, begin rubbing the sponge over the tattoo in vigorous, circular motions for 30 minutes. Yes, it takes a long time, but there is no other way out. After the salt has dried on your skin, rinse it off with water. You will see some of the ink wash off with the water. Now all you have to do is cover the tattoo with a bandage to protect the skin from infection. Repeat the procedure daily until the tattoo is significantly reduced. This may take more than one month.
You can also remove a tattoo using a special tattoo removal ointment or cream. This is the cheapest and least painful method, however, its effectiveness depends on regular use. In any case, it is possible to remove a tattoo, it all depends on your intentions.

The question of how to remove tattoos remains always relevant. And this is quite logical: a person’s tastes and views on life and his own image change. What delighted and aroused admiration yesterday now seems stupid and banal. But there is no need to panic, because everything can be fixed. Modern medicine and cosmetology have achieved good results, so removing tattoos in modern times is not a big problem. How can you remove a tattoo yourself? Does it hurt? How to remove a tattoo without scars? Let's look at the main ways and methods of getting rid of body art.

Laser tattoo removal

Laser tattoo removal is now talked about as the most effective method that appeared in the mid-twentieth century. The removal technology is quite simple: a laser beam penetrates the epidermis layer and splits the pigment into molecules. Laser tattoo removal is a virtually painless procedure that does not cause any particular discomfort. The pattern lightens within a month and disappears completely, leaving only a white spot on the skin.

The number of types of laser in modern medicine reaches 10. The most popular of them are alexandrite, ruby, neodymium and the Q-switch model. For each tattoo, a specific type of device is selected, most suitable for the specific image size, color saturation, as well as the physiological characteristics of the client.

The advantages of laser tattoo removal are as follows.

• The drawing can be reduced without significant damage to the skin. This is the only effective way to remove a tattoo without a scar.
• The procedure is not accompanied by painful sensations. With the right choice of laser and an experienced specialist, tattoos can be removed painlessly even on sensitive areas (for example, on the neck or wrist).
• This is the most effective and fastest of all modern methods of tattoo removal. The number of sessions ranges from 1 to 10 on average, but after the first visit there are visible results.

Laser removal also has disadvantages.

• This method has a relatively high price. The cost of the procedure is measured in square centimeters and on average is about 1000 rubles for a 2 by 2 cm area. Depending on the number of sessions, the complexity of the pattern and the quality of consumables, the price may vary. To remove a medium-sized tattoo, you will have to pay about 20 thousand rubles, which not everyone can afford.
• The effect of laser radiation on humans has not been fully studied. Some doctors are of the opinion that lasers can cause cancer.
• Exposure to rays sometimes results in color inversion. This means that the pigment does not split, but rather darkens. In this case, it will not be possible to remove the tattoo.
• The inexperience of a specialist can lead to burns and scars. Choose a proven and reputable institution.

Contraindications and precautions

• Laser tattoo removal is contraindicated for people with diabetes, hepatitis, cancer and HIV-infected people.
• The procedure is not recommended during colds, pregnancy and during menstruation in women.
• It is advisable to abstain from alcohol before the session.

If you have made the final decision to get rid of a boring pattern and care about your health, trust the specialists. Getting a tattoo done with a laser is not a cheap pleasure, but the effect will exceed all expectations.

Mechanical tattoo removal

Mechanical removal is the cutting out of the tattoo along with the skin. Similar methods include excision, skin grafting, and resurfacing. It is worth noting that after the procedure, scars on the body will remain in any case. The healing process will also be painful. A tattoo on your arm will definitely hurt less. But surgery on sensitive areas of the body (for example, the neck) will cause great discomfort. Despite visible successes in the field of cosmetology, mechanical intervention in the human body is a rather dubious and ineffective way to remove tattoos. Let's take a closer look at the operating principle of each procedure.

1. Grinding is performed using a drill or cutter, which cuts off the skin layer by layer. The operation is performed under anesthesia, but the result leaves much to be desired: scars and scars after healing are very noticeable.
2. Skin transplantation can be carried out using two methods: taking an area of ​​the required size from the back or buttocks, or artificially increasing it. The first option is cheaper, but in 30% of cases skin rejection occurs. The second option is more effective than the previous one, but it will take more than three months. In addition, the cost per square centimeter of leather is $150. The operations in both cases are performed under local anesthesia and last about 5 hours.
3. Excision involves cutting out a design. If the size of the tattoo exceeds 1 by 7 cm, then removal occurs in parts. A small section is cut off and the edges on the sides are sewn up. As a result, a continuous scar forms in place of the drawing.

Any of the above methods will not allow the tattoo to be removed without leaving a trace, and being under anesthesia greatly increases the likelihood of a stroke.

Is it possible to remove a tattoo at home?

Individual intolerance to anesthesia and the desire to save money pushes people to remove tattoos on their own at home. This is achieved through the use of various chemical compounds that corrode the pattern. If you decide to take such a desperate step, arm yourself with patience and fortitude.

1. Tattoo removal with iodine takes a very long time, and sometimes does not give results at all. The solution is applied to the skin three to four times a day for a month and causes the top layer to peel off along with the pigment. Many people try to speed up the process of getting rid of a tattoo, so they start peeling off the caked crust. This should not be done under any circumstances, otherwise you will be guaranteed scars. Allergic reactions often occur in the form of a rash and swelling, and the site of application begins to hurt. If the tattoo is done with high quality and the paint is deep under the skin, then this method is completely useless.
2. They also try to remove a tattoo with celandine tincture, but the procedure should be treated with the utmost caution. We must remember that the solution is poisonous in large doses, so a large image can be safely reduced only in small parts. Celandine is applied to the skin area with a sterile cotton swab three to four times daily. It is necessary to monitor the condition of the skin and pain. If a rash or general malaise appears, the procedure should be stopped immediately to avoid overdose.
3. Removing a tattoo with potassium permanganate is a very dangerous method that can lead to blood poisoning. The solution is a strong oxidizing agent that corrodes the skin. In place of the previous pattern, a burn and an open wound are formed, in which pus accumulates over time. To numb the pain, you can drink Ketanov. For wound healing, the drugs “Solcoseryl” or “Actovegin” are suitable. To avoid infection, you must strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene and adhere to sanitary standards. By the way, this method has almost lost its former relevance, since a solution of potassium permanganate can no longer be purchased at a pharmacy without a prescription.
4. For a small image, salt removal is suitable. The tattoo cannot be completely removed, but it will become less noticeable due to lightening. The principle of operation is simple: take one tablespoon of water for 2 tablespoons of salt. Everything is mixed, and the resulting slurry is rubbed into the skin with a foam sponge for half an hour. Under no circumstances should you rub it too hard! After this, the salt is washed off with warm water and a moisturizing and healing cream is applied. The method will be effective only if you devote time to this procedure every day. The advantages include relative safety for health, since the occurrence of wounds in this case is minimized. This is also one of the most budget options.

Before you say goodbye to a hated drawing, think about whether there is such a need for it. Perhaps it will be enough to use a correction or correction and decorate your body with a new interesting tattoo. An experienced tattoo artist will help you choose a new photo for a sketch that will add style to your image and emphasize your individuality.

Just literally 5 years ago it was believed that if you decided to get a tattoo, it would be forever. But with the development of modern technologies, removing an unwanted or simply boring drawing is not difficult. The most popular method is laser tattoo removal. There are other methods, which, however, are becoming less and less relevant every year due to their weak effectiveness (moreover, some can even lead to skin injuries). Therefore, today laser therapy is confidently replacing all other methods, and most specialists prefer laser as the most advanced tattoo removal technology.

Today, laser tattoo removal is considered the most popular method. The operating principle allows you to destroy dye granules without damaging the skin. Therefore, the method is suitable for absolutely any skin type and is the safest. Experienced tattoo artist Marina Orlova tells how the procedure goes, what determines the success of tattoo removal, how long it will take to wait for the hated design to completely disappear.

How does the procedure itself work?

The specialist passes the laser emitter over the entire area covered with the pattern. Under the influence of the laser, the dye particles split and disintegrate into small pieces, which over the next 30 days can be easily eliminated by the body’s own forces. As a result, the tattoo will fade and disintegrate before your eyes. It is very important that the surface of the skin is not damaged and infection is excluded.

Who is the easiest to remove a tattoo?

People with fair skin who have unwanted tattoos on their arms, chest, buttocks and legs are the main lucky ones. Tattoos on dark-skinned people or tattoos on ankles or fingers, that is, on those areas of the body where the skin is quite thin, are more difficult to remove. After the first session, the master will be able to more accurately say how many sessions will be needed to completely remove the tattoo.

What defines success

Complete tattoo removal depends on several factors: the size, location, age and color of the tattoo, as well as the patient's health and, therefore, the body's ability to heal itself. Old tattoos (more than 10 years old) are more difficult to remove than fresh ones, professional pigment is more difficult to work with than “homemade” ones. To completely remove a tattoo, a series of procedures are required at intervals of 3-4 weeks.