Answer options for your crossword puzzle

OBO

KAR

SCRUB

ARANTS

BOULDER

VALUE

LAUTUMIA

• A quarry in Rome, named after the name of a prison dug from a mountain quarry in Syracuse

SUBSTEPPE

• Wed. substeppe zone, a wide outskirts of the steppe, where mountains disappear and forests thin out. Podstepok m. Astrakh. erik, a side, blind branch of a river or channel, going to the side, into the steppe; river branch without a mouth, disappearing into the sands and reeds

AVACHA

AGALMATOLITE

• (Greek agalma - decoration and lithos - stone) cryptocrystalline aggregate of pyrophyllite or talc
• M.

  LAKE OF MOUNTAIN SPIRITS (OKHOVAYA) 1669 m.

  a talc stone, from which croakers and other things are made in China; shaped stone

• Semi-precious stone, a dense variety of pyrophyllite
• A rock consisting of microscale aggregates of kaolinite-dickite with interlayers of dickite. Ornamental stone

These words were also found in the following queries:

Volcano Stone (Kamen Volcano) is located in the very center of the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes. A typical stratovolcano with a regular cone shape. The volcano is extinct and one of the most ancient. It is composed of interlayered lavas of andesite-basaltic composition with phenocrysts of pyroxene and plagioclase and, less commonly, hornblende andesite and pyroclastics of the same composition. The base of the volcano is the ancient megaplagiophyre lavas of the Klyuchevskaya group and the rocks of the Ushkovsky shield volcano.

Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes on the topographic map of Kamchatka

Volcano Stone- the second highest volcano in Kamchatka. Its slopes are steep. The southeastern one is represented by a deep cirque formed as a result of a collapse that occurred 1000–1200 years ago. The steepness of the slopes here reaches 45–70°, the surface is composed of loose rock. The northern and western slopes begin with passes between the Ushkovsky and Klyuchevsky volcanoes.

Stones on the peak of a mountain, 3 letter words

They are also quite steep (35–40°) and almost completely covered with ice and firn. The top of the volcano is difficult to reach.

Located next to Klyuchevsky volcano, Stone is the second highest volcano in Kamchatka. It was once a conical, slender volcano, but colossal explosions tore off its eastern part and scattered it across the surrounding area. The size of large fragments-blocks is 5–10 m in diameter, but larger ones are also found. Thus, in the area of ​​the middle reaches of the Sukhaya Khapitsa there lies a block of Ambon, thrown by an explosion 10 km from its “native” place. Its diameter is about 50 m, its volume is about 16,000 cubic meters. m. It is larger in size than a five-story building, and weighs 40–45 thousand tons. Such are the powers of volcanoes! The Ambon block is a natural monument of a geological nature.

The western slope of the volcano, not damaged by explosions, has the usual slope for cone-shaped volcanoes - 30–35°. The eastern slope ends with three steep cirque-ledges with a slope of 70–75°.

Climbing Stone are purely mountaineering activities and take place from the western side.

Sources

2. Semenov V.I. In the land of hot springs. - Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky: Dalizdat. Kamch. department, 1988. - 143 p.

Prepared for publication on the website by V. A. Semenov
based on specified sources
with added illustrations.
2008

Photos of the Kamen volcano in the photo gallery:

• Klyuchevskaya Sopka volcano and Kamen Volcano

• Volcano Stone (Kamen Volcano)

Stones on the peak of the mountain

Home > Ural Mountains > Northern Ural

Northern Urals

The Northern Urals are part of the Ural Mountains. It starts from Kosvinsky Kamen and the neighboring Konzhakovsky Kamen (59° N) in the south to the northern slopes of the Telposis massif, or more precisely, to the bank of the Shchuger (Shchugor) river in the north.

Man-Pupu-Ner plateau

Located on the territory of the Pechora-Ilynsky Nature Reserve in the Komi Republic. On the plateau there are 7 rock outcrops ranging in height from 30 to 42 (according to other sources - 80) meters. Only trained tourists can get to the pillars. A traditional pedestrian route of the 3rd category of difficulty “Ushma village (northwest) leads to them Sverdlovsk region) - Dyatlov pass - Otorten - Yanyvondersyahal - ridge. Man-Pupu-Ner. The name translates as "Small Mountain of Idols (Blockheads)"

Mount Telposis (1617 m)

Located in the Komi Republic. The highest mountain in the Northern Urals. It is the most inaccessible mountain; the nearest settlement is located approximately 100 km from the mountain. The Yuzhny glacier is located on the mountain. Tourist routes are usually accompanied by rafting along the Shchugor River.

Molebenny Stone Ridge (1322 m)

It is located on the border of the Perm Territory and the Sverdlovsk Region, on the territory of the Vishera Nature Reserve. The highest points are Mount Oykachahl (1229 m) and Ekvachahl (1322 m). To the northeast. slopes ch. The peaks show traces of cirque and cirque-valley glaciation. The slopes up to an altitude of 680-700 m above sea level are covered with fir-spruce and cedar forests. Above, birch forests and mountain-tundra plant communities dominate. It is a rarely visited place.

Mount Denezhkin stone (1492 m)

Located in the Severouralsky district of the Sverdlovsk region. Located on the territory of the Denezhkin Stone reserve. Permission to enter the reserve can be obtained if there are compelling reasons for doing so.

Mount Otorten (1234 m)

Located on the border of the Sverdlovsk region and the Komi Republic. The title translates as "Don't go there." For the Mansi people it was sacred. Women were not allowed on this mountain. And those who managed to climb up drowned in Lake Lunthusaptur. The last woman to be drowned in a lake was a female geologist in the 1920s. It is a popular place for various hikes.

Torre Porre Iz ridge (774 m)

Located in the Komi Republic. It is a mountain range with rock outcrops at the top.

Mount Yanaghachechahl (1023 m)

Located on the borders of the Sverdlovsk region, the Komi Republic and the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. It is the northernmost geographical point of the Sverdlovsk region. It is located on the watershed ridge as part of the Belt Stone ridge. It serves as the Europe-Asia border and the watershed of two basins - the Pechora and Ob (Lozva and Northern Sosva).

Mount Koyp (1087 m)

Located in the Komi Republic. Translated from the Mansi language it means “drum”.

Mount Kholatchakhl (1096 m)

Located in the Sverdlovsk region, near the border with the Perm region. The mountain is famous for the famous place "Dyatlov Pass Tract", which received its name because of the events there in February 1959. The name of the mountain is translated as "Mountain of the Dead". It is a popular tourist destination.

Chistop Ridge (1292 m)

Until the early 1990s, a defense facility (radar station) was located on the flat top of the mountain. The foundation of the dome and the remains of outbuildings have been preserved. From the village of Ushma, an all-terrain road led to the top, but finding the beginning of the road is extremely difficult: the military initially built the road so that it would not be so easy to find it. Mount Chistop is sacred to Mansi. According to legend, during the Great Flood, 5 families were saved on this mountain, becoming the ancestors of a people of many thousands.

Mount Isherim (1331 m)

Located on the territory of the Vishera Nature Reserve in the Perm Territory. Located next to the Molebny Stone ridge.

Ridge Tulymsky stone (1469 m)

Located on the territory of the Vishera Nature Reserve in the Perm Territory. The length of the ridge is 35 kilometers.

Mount Shudya-Pendysh (1050 m)

Located in the Perm region. It is also called Little Manaraga.

Main Ural Range (1410 m)

It is located on the border of the Perm Territory and the Sverdlovsk Region. Extended from south to north. The highest point is Mount Humboldt (1410 m).

Kvarkush plateau (1066 m)

Located in the Perm region. The highest point is Mount Vogulsky Kamen (1066 m).

Mount Stone

Many rivers originate on the ridge, including the Zhigalan River. The river itself has nothing attractive except its waterfall, which is a popular tourist spot. Usually, when people visit the Kvarkush or GUKh plateau, they drop by the waterfall.

Zhigalansky waterfall

Mount Konzhakovsky stone (1569 m)

Located in the Sverdlovsk region, in the Karpinsky district. highest peak Sverdlovsk region. Popular among tourists. The Konzhakovsky massif consists of: Konzhakovsky stone, Serebryansky stone (1305 m), Trapezia mountain (1253 m), South Job mountain (1311 m), Northern Job mountain (1263 m), Tylaysky Kamen mountain (1471 m), Ostraya Kosva town (1403 m). The annual international mountain marathon takes place in July, and the Konjac festival in November.

Mount Kosvinsky stone (1519 m)

Located in the Sverdlovsk region, in the Karpinsky district, not far from the village of Kytlym. The Strategic Missile Forces command center is located.

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Landscape-geological natural monument
Year of creation: 1968
Area: 11.6054 hectares
Legal act: Decision of the Small Council of the Lipetsk Regional Council of People's Deputies dated July 15, 1993 No. 149 “On specially protected natural areas of the region”

The protected area is located on the left bank of the Don River, slightly downstream in relation to the natural monument "Park in the village. Horse-Well", 0.3 km south of the village. Horse-Well. It was created to preserve the geological outcrop where Devonian rocks and later moraine deposits were exposed. It has important scientific, landscape and geological significance.
The protected area is a bedrock slope of the Don valley with rock outcrops. The river, approaching the left bank and washing it away, formed a steep (in some places up to 50-80°) cliff, weakly covered with vegetation. Here there is a good outcrop of Devonian rocks, both in terms of observation conditions and in terms of the number of layers exposed to the surface. The height of the outcrops reaches 20 m, the length is approximately 800 m. This outcrop is the richest in the region in terms of the composition of layers, within which information is captured about the processes that occurred in our region from the Upper Devonian to the Quaternary period, including the impact of Quaternary glaciation.
The following layers are identified (from top to bottom): soil and brown cover loam 1 m thick; moraine (brown and brownish-gray loam with boulders of crystalline rocks, thickness 1.2 m); heterogeneous sands of yellow color with brown layers, partially covered with scree, thickness 7 m; gray clays, thickness 3 m; limestones, thick platy, brownish-gray, 2 m thick; greenish-gray marly clays, thickness 4 m, thick platy limestones, brownish-gray, with a large amount of fossilized fauna, partially covered with scree, thickness 5.5 m.
Along the base of the slope of Kamennaya Mountain, right along the banks of the Don, there is a dirt road lined with slabs of gray limestone. In the northern part of Kamennaya Mountain, along the base, placers of stones of various shapes, sizes, colors and compositions washed from the underlying rocks have accumulated. These are sandstones, quartzites, granites, etc. Here you can find fragments with a diameter of more than 1.5 m.
The soil cover in the protected areas is classified as eroded and is absent on the slopes. The edge part of the slope is dissected by gullies, ravines and covered with washed away podzolized chernozems. The foot of the slope, at its transition to the floodplain, is covered with sod-washed layered sandy-loamy soils. In the floodplain, in the flood zone, floodplain alluvial underdeveloped and layered soils are formed.
The western border of the protected area for about 0.8 km is the Don River. The width of its channel is 100-150 m, depth 1.5-3.8 m. The bottom is rocky, muddy in places. The current is moderate. At the foot of the slope in the coastal strip there are numerous springs. There are no other permanent reservoirs in the protected areas.
Herbaceous and shrubby vegetation types are distinguished. Herbaceous communities occupy narrow parts of the plateau, slopes, and coastal zones and are represented by cereal and forb steppes, meadows, coastal-water and aquatic communities. The slope plateau is occupied by forb and forb-grass plant communities. The shrub type of vegetation is represented by an elongated narrow strip of willows in the Don floodplain. Edifier brittle willow, significant participation of American maple.
The biota includes species characteristic of floodplains and meadow slopes.
The species diversity of macromycetes is estimated at 50 species, vascular plants - 150 species, amphibians - 3 species, reptiles - 2, birds - 30, mammals - 10 species.

Literature

• Area and boundaries of the natural monument “Stone Mountain”: adj. 31 to the resolution of the administration of the Lipetsk region No. 440 of September 22, 2015 “On approval of the area and boundaries of natural monuments of regional significance “Lower Yagodnovskaya Balka”, “Panik Balka”, “Annin Forest”, “Streletsky Forest”, “River Valley”. Ptan”, “Pushkinskaya Dacha”, “Khrushchevskaya Dacha”, “Dolgovskoye”, “Solonets Gypsy Lake”, “Popovo Swamp”, “Razreznoye Swamp”, “Dobrinsky Swamps”, “Lake Andreevskoe”, “Lake Bogoroditskoe”, “Lake Spasskoe", "Lake Zalanskaya Luka", "Lake Maloye Ostabnoe", "Lake Bolshoye Ostabnoe", "Lake Krivetskaya oxbow", "Karasevka Swamp", "Sosnovka Swamp", "Don Conversations", "Valley of the river. Mare Again", "Swamp near the village. Yakovlevo", "Terbunsky sandstones", "Horse-stone", "Sandstones of the river. Olymchik", "Apukhta sandstones", "Park in the village. Krasnoe”, “Lower reaches of Kamenny Log”, “Kamennaya Gora”, “Kruglyansky backwater”, “Lake Chernaya Meshcherka” // SPS Consultant Plus. – 05.25.2017.
• Tropin N. Stone Mountain // Lipetsk Encyclopedia: in 3 volumes / ed.-comp. B. M. Shalnev, V. V. Shakhov. – T. 2. – Lipetsk, 2000. – P. 112.
• Landscape-geological natural monument “Stone Mountain”// Natural heritage of the Lipetsk region: catalog of specially protected landscapes and objects / V. S. Sarychev. - Kemerovo, 2014. - pp. 88-89.
• Rivers of the Lipetsk region: Don: routes of ecological tourism in the Lipetsk region / V. S. Sarychev; ph. V. Sarychev, I. Klimov, A. Remizov. — Lipetsk: Veda Socium, 2015. – P. 241-243.
• Natural resources and environment of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Central Federal District/ ed. G. V. Dobrovolsky; National information Agency "Natural Resources", Russia. ecol. federal information agency. — M.: NIA-Priroda, REFIA. – 2004. – : Lipetsk region/ ed.: N. G. Rybalsky, V. V. Gorbatovsky, A. S. Yakovlev. - 2004. - P. 471.
• Natural monument Kamennaya Gora// Lipetsk region: unique corners of nature / comp. V. S. Sarychev; ph. V. S. Sarychev, S. N. Belykh, I. S. Klimov. – Tambov, 2014. – P. 44.
• At the mouth of Voronezh.

  Pile of stones - 3 letter word

  Landscape areas of the Semiluksky section. Stone Mountain

  / K. A. Drozdov // Don Valley: nature and landscapes / ; edited by F. N. Milkova. - Voronezh, 1982. - P. 88-89.

• Studying the features of geological natural monuments of the Lipetsk region: / E. Protsenko // Study and save / author.-comp. N. S. Lavrentieva. – Lipetsk, 2013. – P. 104-130.
• Lychkovskaya I. Yu. Materials on the fauna of hemiptera (Miridae, Heteroptera) of natural monuments of the Lipetsk region: / I. Yu. Lychkovskaya // Problems of preserving the biological diversity of the Central Black Earth region: collection. scientific works – Lipetsk, 2016. – pp. 17-22.
• Lychkovskaya I. Yu. Annotated list of horse flies (Miridae, Heteroptera) of natural monuments of the Lipetsk region: / I. Yu. Lychkovskaya // Problems of conservation of biological diversity of the Central Black Earth region: collection. scientific works – Lipetsk, 2016. – pp. 11-16.

Chalcopyrite-Magnetite or copper pyrite CuFeS2 + magnetic iron ore FeO·Fe2O3 “Magnetischer Eisenstein&ldquo.

Everyone knows, from school, that the word MAGNET comes from ancient Greek. Μαγνῆτις λίθος - from the name of the region Magnisia and the ancient city of Magnesia in Asia Minor, where magnetite deposits were discovered in ancient times.
Magnesia, Magnesia or Magnesia (Greek: Μαγνησία) is a territorial unit of Greece, in Thessaly. The capital is Volos. Here in ancient times lived the Macedonian tribe of Magnets, the very name “Magnets” comes from the name of one of the ancestors - Magnet, the son of Zeus and Phia (unknown mythical characters on ancient frescoes and paintings do not exist). Jason and Peleus lived in ancient Magnesia. And perhaps the magnet received its name from Magnes, the legendary shepherd (what makes him legendary?), who first found a natural magnetic stone that attracts iron in the city of Ida (Greece).

There were seven Magnesian settlements in Asia Minor and they all originated from the region of Magnesia in Thessaly
Wiki writes about only two of them:
1). Magnesia on the Meander (ancient Greek Μαγνησία ἡ πρὸς Μαιάνδρῳ, Μαγνησία ἡ ἐπὶ Μαιάνδρῳ; lat. Magnesia ad Mæandrum) - ancient city in Ionia, located on a tributary of the Meander
2). Magnesia near Sipylus is an ancient city in Lydia, now the Turkish city of Manisa (Turkish Manisa) Sipylus (Sipilus, Spil-Dag; Turkish Spil Dağı, ancient Greek Σίπυλος).

1-2. The ruins of Magnesia on Meander, which were built from the same “stone from Magnesia”
3-4. Ruins of Manisa or Magnesia near Sipylus
5-6. Hittite statue of Kybella Kybele Kaya Anıtı on Mount Sipylus or Spil-Dag; translated as “mountain (dag) cut down crying” = sniffling-snotty.

Currently, there are no Magnetite deposits around ancient Magnesias; either depleted or it was meteorite nickel iron, or by magnesia the ancient alchemists meant something else.
Historians write that in ancient times this region of Magnesia was rich in mineral deposits known collectively as "Magnesian stones" These included: magnesite (magnesium carbonate MgCO3), also known in Russian as "white magic white magnesia", periclase (magnesium oxide), and two black minerals - magnetite-magnetic iron ore and pyrolusite (manganese dioxide MnO2). These black minerals were known in ancient times as “black magic, black magnesia.”
Periclase (ancient Greek περίκλασις - breaking off, bending) is a mineral, magnesium oxide. The name of the mineral, given in 1840, is associated with its cleavage.

As can be seen from the list, the classification of “Magnesian stones” included many compounds with completely different physical and chemical properties.
Of all the listed compounds, only magnetic iron ore has magnetic properties.

Pyrolusite “purifying by fire” was considered a type of magnetic iron ore. Let me remind you that the formula of magnetic iron ore is FeO·Fe2O3, and the formula of pyrolusite is MnO2. The crystalline variety of pyrolusite is sometimes called polyanite (a recently obsolete term).
Pyrolusite was used in glass melting to clarify it (that is, the glass was purified by pyrolysis). French scientists have found that pieces of pyrolysite from the Pech de Laze cave were probably used by Neanderthals as an oxidizer and catalyst for oxidation and combustion reactions.
In my opinion, “polyanite” is a mineral “full of threads”

The fact that the mineral polyanite-pyrolusite is not attracted by a magnet was explained by Pliny the Elder by the female sex of black magnesia, to which the magnet is “indifferent. Therefore, according to the classification of alchemists, the Magnesian magnet had a female gender - Ma (mother; beckons; magnet)?

In the sixteenth century, among glassmakers, polyanite-pyrolusite was called “manganesum”, since at that time alchemists and glassmakers had to deal with two types of magnesia - black (MnO2 magnesia negra) and white (MgO magnesia alba) - magnesium oxide or burnt magnesia.
Wiki writes that it should not be confused with the Russian “white magnesia” - magnesium carbonate; which was also used in glass making. However, the English Wiki also got confused and called Magnesium Carbonate white magnesia Magnesium carbonate, MgCO3 (archaic name magnesia alba) .

Magnesium carbonate is widely distributed in nature in the form of the mineral magnesite. Magnesite is formed predominantly in hydrothermal conditions and belongs to medium-temperature hydrothermal deposits.
Minerals containing magnesium look very diverse and judging by the long list of names, the element magnesium or magnesium in them remained unrecognized.

Magnesite is used for the production of refractories and binding materials, in the chemical industry. Used for the production of refractory bricks. One of the areas of application of magnesium oxide was the production of refractories and cements (Portland cement).
Masons-kneaders, using “white magic”, which included white magnesia, built temples.

Magma of the same root to magnet and magnesite from μάγμα “knead, kneaded dough-softly”, from Ch. μάσσω “knead”; goes back to the Proto-Indo-European. *mag- “mixing”. In a number of European languages, the word is borrowed. via lat. magma "sediment, sludge."
Magic Magus, Magie from lat. magus, which goes back through the Greek. mЈgoj to other Persian magu and Russian MAGU (to be able)
μαγιά - yeast, mushrooms.... either you had to eat hallucinogenic mushrooms, or create spiritus vini by fermentation.

Probably ancient theologians believed that the celestial cow spilled her magnesium malaco across the sky - The Magnesia squirting her sacred milk into the sea:

So what fell under the criteria of magnetism in ancient times?

Element Magnesium was isolated as a salt in 1695 by the English botanist Nehemiah Grew from mineral water Epsom Spring in England Nehemiah Nehemiah "the Lord comforts" from נחם (naham) -NeHam.
Salt (magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4 7H2O)) had a bitter taste (bitter) and a laxative effect. Pharmacists called it “bitter salt,” as well as “Epsom salt” or “Epsom salt.” Magnesium was not yet the metal magnesium, but fell into the classification of bitter earth.
In 1792, Anton von Ruprecht isolated an unknown metal from white magnesia by reduction with charcoal, which he named Austria. It was later determined that "Austria" was magnesium of extremely low purity, since the original substance was heavily contaminated with iron.
They tried to call many elements "Austria"; the next "discovery of Austria" occurred in 1898 during the discovery of polonium by the spouses Pierre Curie and Marie Sklodowska-Curie in resin blende. This name was not given in honor of Austria!!!
In 1808, the English chemist Humphry Davy Humphry Davy, using the electrolysis of a moistened mixture of magnesia and mercuric oxide, obtained an amalgam (Middle Century Latin amalgama “alloy”) of an unknown metal, which he gave the name “magnetic magnesium.” In 1829, the French chemist A. Bussy obtained magnesium by reducing its molten chloride with potassium metal. In 1830, M. Faraday obtained magnesium by electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride. In Russia, the name “magnesium” has been adopted since 1831.

Classification and symbols of elements by John Dalton (New System of Chemical Philosophy 1808-1827). There is no magnesium in it.
Dalton's symbols were not much better than previous versions; however, they had some advantages: each symbol represented one atom and the formulas of compounds consisted of the symbols of the elements that were included in it, that is, it showed how many atoms were present in the molecule.

Previously, the alchemical symbol for Magnesia resembled the shape of a trident or was confused with Calcium or represented by six different symbols.

Alchemical symbols used in the 14th and 15th centuries by Basil Valentine (lat. Basilius Valentinus; Basilius Valentinus) Last Will and Testament, London, 1671.
No biographical information about their author has been preserved; it is usually assumed that he was a Benedictine monk and lived in Erfurt in the second half of the 15th century. Some historians question the authenticity of the writings attributed to him and the very existence of Basil Valentine; it is even assumed that these treatises were written by different people no earlier than the second half of the 16th century.

There is no magnesium, but there is Magnat magnas from magnus “big” , hence "noble".
Magnat magnus is “big” because it “can”, is capable, can, can, has power.

A later version of the John Dalton classification John Dalton appeared Magnesium and Manganese. This classification dates back to the mid-19th century!

O Oxygen	H Hydrogen	N Nitrogen	C Carbon	S Sulfur	P Phosphorus	Au Gold	Pt Platinum	Ag Silver
Hg Mercury	Cu Copper	Fe Iron	Ni Nickel	Sn Tin	Pb Lead	Zn Zinc	Bi Bismuth	Sb Antimony
As Arsenic	Co Cobalt	Mn Manganese	U Uranium	W Tungsten	Ti Titanium	Ce Cerium	K Potassium	Na Sodium
Ca Calcium	Mg Magnesium	Ba Barium	Sr Strontium	Al Aluminum	Si Silicon	Y Yttrium	Be Beryllium	Zr Zirconium

According to TI Manganese was discovered in 1774 Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele (Swedish: Carl Wilhelm Scheele) He noticed that the pyrolyzite ore contained an unknown metal (how he noticed this is not written). Scheele sent samples of the ore to his friend the chemist Ivan Godnolyubets Johan Gottlieb Gahn, who, by heating pyrolusite with coal in a stove, obtained metallic manganese.

Alchemical symbols in Torbern Bergman's 1775 Dissertation on Elective Affinities, which was translated from Latin to English in 1783 from Google Books: Alchemical symbols in Torbern Bergman's 1775 dissertation in the classification is Manganese Manganite. Chemical formula MnO(OH) (manganese metahydroxide) Last illustration of Diderot's Alchemical Chart of Affinities 1778

Manganese Mn (lat. Manganum, manganum)- silver-white metal.
Along with iron and its alloys, it refers to ferrous metals and black magic. At the beginning of the 19th century, the name “manganum” was adopted for it (from the German Manganerz - manganese ore)
Manganerz "manganese ore", from Mangan "manganese" + Erz "ore; metal"; the first part of the word is from Italian. manganese, further from lat. magnesia, further from ancient Greek. Μαγνησία "Magnesia (Magnesia)" (mountainous region of Thessaly), further from Μαγνήτης, from an unidentified form.

Manganite (monoconite)—monoclinic mineral , containing manganese. Chemical formula MnO(OH) (manganese metahydroxide). The crystals are columnar, roughly cross-hatched lengthwise, often clustered in druses. Occurs in residual clays, sometimes in hot spring deposits.

Manganites are substances based on manganese, representatives of the class of transition metal oxides. Manganites have been studied for more than 50 years and are of great interest due to the relatively recent discovery (1994) of colossal magnetoresistance, that is, the electrical resistance of the material depends on the magnitude of the external magnetic field.

Illustrations from the 1600s book “De Magnete, Magneticisque Corporibus, et de Magno Magnete Tellure” (On the Magnet and Magnetic Bodies, and on That Great Magnet the Earth); this is the scientific work of the English physiologist and scientist William Gilbert and his partner Aaron Dowling.
The illustration shows one of the earliest methods of creating a magnet. The blacksmith holds a piece of red-hot iron in the direction north or septentrio, septentrionēs and on Auster -south “In this way, the Earth’s magnetic field aligns the dominants and leaves the iron a weak magnet.”

The ancient alchemists had a very confusing classification and it is not clear how and when they linked the “white magic of temples” with “ black magic from magnets", magnetic iron ore and the manetism of the earth...

a pile of stones piled on top of a mountain

Alternative descriptions

A pile of stones piled on top of a mountain, in Central and Central Asia (place of spirit worship)

Pile of stones

Pile of stones in Asia

A pile of stones instead of an idol

Pile of stones stacked on mountain tops in Central Asia, Kazakhstan

A pile that is worshiped

Stones instead of a god

Stones instead of an idol

Stones replacing the idol

Stones Worshiped

Place of worship in Asia

Place of worship of spirits

Name in Asia for piles of stones on passes and mountain tops

About, a preposition separately, does not differ from o; together, sometimes expresses something else, as can be seen from the words above and below; in general terms, this difference is difficult to explain, because it depends most of all on the meaning of the word and speech. See o. We ask for the mercy of both (yarosl.), dialect. treating with wine; please drink it all. Sometimes about is a double o, about, as can be seen from the meaning of the word and its composition

Revered Pile of Stones

Ritual pile of stones

Pile of stones stacked on passes in Asia

City in Central African Republic

Pile of stones in front of the khan

Pile of stones (eastern)

Ritual stone pile

Pile of stones, Genghis Khan

Pile of stones (east)

Stones that are worshiped

. "altar" of shamans

Shaman's temple

. "altar" of shamans