“As many people as there are so many characters,” you can often hear. And this is actually true, there are no two absolutely identical people on earth. People have different worldview systems, principles, hobbies and values, and react differently to certain external stimuli and events. determines his personal actions, from which his whole life is composed.

Scientists and psychologists call a person’s character an individual combination of certain personality traits that determine his attitude towards the entire environment and are manifested in his actions.

Character(Greek χαρακτηρ - sign, distinctive feature, omen) is a structure of persistent, relatively permanent mental properties that determine the characteristics of a person’s behavior and relationships.

In the scientific literature on psychology, there are several criteria that determine a person’s character types. We will only consider the main ones.

The most popular character typology proposed by the famous German psychologist E. Kretschmer, therefore person's character depends on his physique. Kretschmer described the main three types of human physique and the corresponding character types:

Jung's character classification

Swiss psychiatrist and psychologist Carl Gustav Jung developed his own, which is based on dominant mental functions (sensations, intuition, feeling and thinking). He classified all people according to the predominance of the internal or external world (introverted and extroverted types).

1. An introvert is a closed, internally focused thinker, turned inward, a person fenced off from the entire world around him, carefully analyzing all events, while suspecting everyone of contradictory actions. He has very few friends, because it is very difficult for him to make new contacts, he is closer to loneliness, and he does not change his own habits. An introvert is a very suspicious person with a high degree of anxiety; he listens to his feelings and values ​​his health.
2. An extrovert is a direct, open person, extremely sociable, active and understandable to everyone, he has many acquaintances and friends, he cannot stand loneliness, has little interest in his own health, loves to travel, and tries to get the most out of life. He becomes the life of the party, initiates various meetings and parties, loves to tell jokes, Everyday life focuses not on subjective opinion, but on circumstances.

The connection between human character and temperament

Peculiarities of different temperaments can help a person understand character traits if they are pronounced, however, people with pronounced certain temperaments are quite rare; most often, mixed temperament is found in varying degrees of severity. But the predominance of any type of temperament can help determine person's character type.

There is a huge amount classifications of character types a person, even better, attempts to systematize all the knowledge and psychology of his behavior, but none of them can be so deep and so effective. Because every person, going through periods of developing certain characters in his life, collects them all in himself in order to live as an individual for the rest of his life.

If you find it difficult to determine your character type, then various ones that are designed just for this can help you.

For those who do not like their own “psychological portrait”, there is consolation: deficiencies in temperament can be compensated for by positive character traits.

It is the understanding that one can change oneself for the better that is the most attractive feature of science.

So, if temperament is an innate personality trait, then a person develops character himself. Every time we perform an action, we strengthen or weaken some of its features.

In this way, even the worst disposition can be corrected.

Regarding temperament, we can only recall that Hippocrates divided it into four types, which are still used today:

1. Phlegmatic people are unhurried and unperturbed;
2. Cholerics are hot-tempered and unbalanced;
3. Melancholic people are impressionable and vulnerable;
4. Sanguine people are lively, active and cheerful.

1. Recording the results

It is better to write down the results of your struggle. You can make a table and record successes and failures there every day. Or do this: mark two cities on a geographical map. One will conditionally indicate your current state, the second will indicate your goal.

Every time you do something to improve your character, put new point on the way between these cities. And if you miss something, go back to the point.

It seems very interesting in terms of plan. Be sure to read about this great man, whose experience can be of invaluable help to you.

Surely the reader may have a question: do the formation of personality and its individual traits influence?

It is quite difficult to give an unambiguous answer to this question. A certain connection in the inclinations and characteristics of behavior between children and parents can certainly be traced.

However, to claim that “I’m like this and I can’t be different, because this is my mom or dad”, for an adult, at least not serious.

It is believed that it is impossible to change temperament, but character traits are within the power of anyone. You just need to have the determination to do this.

Accentuation of character

Accentuation of character is a character trait that is within the clinical norm, in which individual character traits are excessively enhanced, as a result of which selective vulnerability to some psychogenic influences is revealed while maintaining good resistance to others.

The definition of accentuation may seem a little complicated to you, but in fact it is quite simple.

The word “accentuation” itself (from the Latin accentus - emphasis) means a pronounced emphasis on something.

In other words, this feature consists in the fact that some character traits are unusually developed, which causes the inferiority of other, less developed traits.

Probably everyone saw how small children saw strangers, they settle down to some and begin to smile, but when they see others they frown and run away.

This is due to the fact that facial features are very closely related to our character traits. Children intuitively feel this, “scanning” the face of a stranger.

Yes, and adults, on a deeply subconscious level, can “feel” whether a person in front of them is good or bad. This also happens because our brain can “read” information from the characteristic features of a person’s face.

It is important to understand that a person’s character largely determines how his life will turn out and whether he will achieve success.

The 19th century English writer William Thackeray wrote:

“Sow an action and you will reap a habit; sow a habit and you will reap a character; sow a character and you will reap a destiny.”

If you like Interesting Facts– subscribe to any social network. It's always interesting with us!

Did you like the post? Press any button.

Hello! Very often, when we are asked to describe ourselves or another person in English, we limit ourselves to a verbal depiction of appearance. Meanwhile, a person is a versatile personality, with his own character traits and other characterizing features. Without using these words, you cannot tell anything about a person as an individual.

Describing a person in English

In the vast majority of cases, in order to talk about a person, we use characterizing adjectives. In this article, I tried to collect the most popular adjectives that can be used to describe a man or girl as an individual. For this purpose, you can use words that are part of the following categories:

1. Character traits:

• Personality traits
• Mental capacity
• Strong-willed qualities
• Attitude towards other people, towards property, towards work

Dictionary for describing appearance in English Adjectives characterizing a person in English

Adjectives to describe appearance

When talking about appearance, we describe height, age, voice, clothing. For example, growth can be high ( tall), short ( short) or average ( medium), and age - elderly or old ( old), middle-aged ( middle-aged) and young ( young). Speaking about the voice, you can indicate that it is hoarse (cracked), voiced ( crisp) or melodic ( tuneful).

A smile can be charming ( engaging), charming ( charming) and sincere ( sincere) or vice versa, cunning ( cunning), played out ( forced) and insincere ( artificial). You also need to express your own opinion about how a person looks, using the following adjectives:

• winsome - attractive
• agreeable - pleasant
• stylish - fashionable
• dapper - neat (only about men),
• lovely-looking - delightful
• awkward - clumsy
• untidy-looking - sloppy

Adjectives about character traits

Describing a personality in English involves talking about character traits, habits and preferences. Sides of character can be both positive (intelligent, optimistic, extroverted) and negative (stupid, pessimistic, introverted). And sometimes the same feature, depending on intonation and context, can be both positive and negative (determined, thrifty, obstinate).

When characterizing an individual, do not forget to clarify why you call him that. For example, when you say that a girl is hardworking, explain why you think so:

Any is very hard-working. It can work all day without any break at all. I really admire the way it studies and works. (Annie is a very hard worker. She can work all day without a break. I actually admire the way she studies and works).

Table of characterizing adjectives

The criteria that make up a person’s character are also varied. For ease of memorization and pronunciation, I have placed them in a compact table with translation and transcription. This will make it easier for you to navigate the criteria and remember the characterizing adjectives.

Word	Translation	Transcription
Personality traits
arrogant	arrogant	["ærəgənt]
irritable	irritable	["irit(ə)bl]
self-confident	self-confident	[self-"kɔnfidənt]
persistent	persistent	[ pə "sist (ə)nt ]
curious	curious	["kjuəriəs]
modest	modest	["mɔdist]
capable	bright	[brait]
brave	brave	[breiv]
creative	creative	[kri:"eitiv]
restrained	reserved	[ri'zə:vd]
observant	observant	[əb"zə:vənt]
enterprising	enterprising	["entəpraiziŋ]
cunning	cunning	["kʌniŋ]
stubborn	obstinate	["ɔbstinit]
purposeful	purposeful	["pə:pəsful]
boastful	boastful	["bəustful]
incorruptible	incorruptible	[ ‚ɪnkə"rʌptəbəl ]
hot-tempered	hot-tempered	[‚hɒt"tempərd]
resourceful	quick witted	[kwik witɪd]
Mental capacity
broad-minded	broad-minded	["brɔ:d‚maɪndɪd]
smart	bright
smart	clever	["klevər]
wise	wise	[ˈwaɪz]
silly	foolish	["fu:lɪʃ]
witty	witty	["wɪtɪ]
unsophisticated	blunt	[blʌnt]
well-read	well-read
uneducated	uneducated	[ˈʌnˈedjukeɪtɪd]
ignoramus	ignoramus	[ˌɪɡnəˈreɪməs]
polymath	erudite	[ˈerədīt]
illiterate	illiterate	[ɪ"lɪtərɪt]
mediocre	mediocre	[‚mi:di:"əʋkər]
ordinary	ordinary	[ˈɔ:dnrɪ]
Strong-willed qualities
brave	bold
brave	brave
cowardly	coward	["kaʋərd]
decisive	resolve	["rezə‚lu:t]
indecisive	irresolute	[ɪ"rezə‚lu:t]
courageous	courageous	[kəʹreıdʒəs]
persistent	stubborn	["stʌbərn]
shy	timid	["tɪmɪd]
flexible	flexible	["fleksəbəl]
timid	fearful	[ˈfɪəful]
stubborn	obstinate	["ɒbstənɪt]
unshakable	steady	["stedɪ]
Attitude towards other people
communicative	sociable	["səuʃəbl]
selfish	selfish	["selfiʃ]
friendly	friendly	["friends]
decent	decent	["di:s(ə)nt]
impudent	impudent	["ɪmpjədənt]
honest	honest	["ɔnist]
tolerant	tolerant	["tɔlərənt]
respectful	respectful	[ris'pektful]
loyal	faithful	["feiθful]
hospitable	hospitable	["hɔspitəbl]
aloof	detached	[dɪtætʃt]
unreliable	disloyal	[dɪslɔɪəl]
sincere	frank
fair	just
false	false
indifferent	indifferent	[ɪn"dɪfərənt]
truthful	truthful	["tru:Ɵfəl]
insidious	treacherous	["tretʃərəs]
rude	harsh
sensitive, gentle	tender	["tendər]
strict	strict
good-natured	good-natured	[ˈɡudˈ "neɪtʃərəd]
demanding	exacting	[ɪg"zæktɪŋ]
noble	noble	["nəʋbəl]
altruistic	altruistic	[ˏæltruˊɪstɪk]
selfless	selfless	[self les]
highly moral	moral	["mɔ:rəl]
sneaky	scoundrel	[ˈskaundrəl]
tactful	tactful	[tæktfʊl]
Attitude to property

We are all individuals and each of us has our own individuality. This could be a hobby or another extraordinary hobby that can make you stand out from the crowd. But there is one thing that is inherent in every person, we call it character.

Character is a very important component of a person’s personality. From birth, a person has individual character traits, which become more noticeable as he grows up. It is possible to change character, and many people practice it, but before correcting shortcomings, you need to find them.

Why you need to know your character

To the question “Why is it necessary to know your character?” there are several answers:

describe yourself

Before you begin to describe your own character, you need to remember that the main thing in this matter is objectivity. You must be completely honest with yourself, not hide personal shortcomings and forget about stupid incidents in your life. Knowing yourself completely, you can create a true description of your own character; it is quite simple and accessible to everyone.
Before starting the description, it is recommended to take a pen and paper. This way you can write down everything that comes to mind without losing the main idea or missing other details.

Instructions

Now you know how to describe your character. This will undoubtedly help you understand yourself better. When meeting a new person, you will be able to talk about yourself and learn new things about the other person. When applying for a job, you won’t get lost in the “tell me about yourself” section; now you can describe your strengths and properly hide your weaknesses.
The most important thing in knowing your character is that now you can identify your shortcomings and begin to fight them. You can change yourself; it only takes some effort. But before you change yourself, remember, you must preserve that very “zest” that is unique to your character, that which distinguishes you from others.

By studying the character traits of a particular person, it is possible to identify what qualities characterize the personality. Their manifestation is based on the influence of individual experience, knowledge, abilities and capabilities of people. The list of biological characteristics includes the innate characteristics of a person. The remaining personality qualities are acquired as a result of life activity:

• Sociality

It means irreducibility to individual, biological characteristics of people, saturation with socio-cultural content.

• Uniqueness

The uniqueness and originality of the inner world of an individual, his independence and impossibility of being attributed to one or another social or psychological type.

• Transcendence

Willingness to go beyond one’s “limits”, constant self-improvement as a way of being, belief in the possibility of development and overcoming external and internal obstacles on the way to one’s goal and, as a consequence, incompleteness, inconsistency and problematic nature.

• Integrity and subjectivity

Internal unity and identity (equality with oneself) in any life situations.

• Activity and subjectivity

The ability to change oneself and the conditions of one’s existence, independence from environmental conditions, the ability to be the source of one’s own activity, the cause of actions and recognition of responsibility for the deeds committed.

• Moral

The basis of interaction with the outside world, the willingness to treat other people as the highest value, equal to one’s own, and not as a means of achieving goals.

List of qualities

Personality structure includes temperament, volitional qualities, abilities, character, emotions, social attitudes and motivation. And also separately the following qualities:

• Independence;
• Intellectual self-improvement;
• Communication skills;
• Kindness;
• Hard work;
• Honesty;
• Determination;
• Responsibility;
• Respect;
• Confidence;
• Discipline;
• Humanity;
• Mercy;
• Curiosity;
• Objectivity.

A person’s personal qualities consist of internal perception and external manifestations. External manifestation includes a list of indicators:

• innate or acquired artistry;
• attractive appearance and sense of style;
• ability and clear pronunciation of speech;
• competent and sophisticated approach to .

The main qualities of a person (her inner world) can be classified according to a number of characteristics:

• a comprehensive assessment of the situation and the absence of conflicting perceptions of information;
• an inherent love for people;
• open-minded thinking;
• positive form of perception;
• wise judgment.

The level of these indicators determines individual characteristics being studied.

Structure of individual qualities

To more accurately determine the quality of a person’s personality, one should highlight its biological structure. It consists of 4 levels:

1. Temperament, including characteristics genetic predisposition(nervous system).
2. The degree of unique mental processes that allows one to determine a person's personal qualities. The level of individual perception, imagination, manifestation of volitional signs, feelings and attention influences the achievement of results.
3. The experiences of people, characterized by knowledge, abilities, capabilities and habits.
4. Indicators of social orientation, including the subject’s attitude to the external environment. Development personal qualities acts as a guiding and regulating factor of behavior - interests and views, beliefs and attitudes (state of consciousness based on previous experience, regulatory attitude and), moral norms.

Traits of people that characterize their temperament

The innate qualities of a person shape him as a social being. Behavioral factors, type of activity and social circle are taken into account. The category is divided into 4 concepts: sanguine, melancholic, choleric and phlegmatic.

• Sanguine - easily adapts to a new environment and overcomes obstacles. Sociability, responsiveness, openness, cheerfulness and leadership are the main personality traits.
• Melancholic – weak and sedentary. Under the influence of strong stimuli, behavioral disturbances occur, manifested by a passive attitude towards any activity. Withdrawal, pessimism, anxiety, reasoning and touchiness - character traits melancholic.
• Cholerics are strong, unbalanced, energetic personality traits. They are quick-tempered and unrestrained. Touchiness, impulsiveness, emotionality and instability are clear indicators of a restless temperament.
• A phlegmatic person is a balanced, inert and slow person, not prone to change. Personal indicators show how to easily overcome negative factors. Reliability, goodwill, peacefulness and prudence - distinctive features calm people.

Individual character traits

Character is a set of traits of an individual that are manifested in different types activities, communication and relationships with people. The development of personal qualities is formed against the background of life processes and the type of activity of people. To more accurately assess the character of people, behavioral factors in specific circumstances should be studied in detail.

Types of character:

• cycloid – mood swings;
• hyperthymic accentuation consists of high activity and failure to complete tasks;
• asthenic – capricious and depressive personal qualities;
• sensitive – timid personality;
• hysterical - the makings of leadership and vanity;
• dysthymic – focused on negative side current events.

Individual abilities of people

Individual psychological qualities of a person contribute to the achievement of success and excellence in a certain activity. They are determined by the social and historical practice of the individual, the results of the interactions of biological and mental indicators.

There are different levels of ability:

1. giftedness;
2. talent;
3. genius.

The development of the algorithm of personal qualities and abilities of people is characterized by the ability to learn new things in the mental sphere. Special features are manifested in a specific type of activity (musical, artistic, pedagogical, etc.).

Strong-willed traits of people

Adjusting behavioral factors associated with overcoming internal and external discomfort makes it possible to determine personal qualities: the level of effort and plans for taking actions, concentration in a given direction. Will manifests itself in the following properties:

• – level of effort to achieve the desired result;
• perseverance – the ability to mobilize to overcome troubles;
• restraint - the ability to limit feelings, thinking and actions.

Courage, self-control, commitment are the personal qualities of strong-willed people. They are classified into simple and complex acts. In a simple case, incentives to action flow into execution automatically. Complex acts are carried out on the basis of drawing up a plan and taking into account the consequences.

Human feelings

People's persistent attitudes towards real or imaginary objects arise and are formed on the basis of the cultural and historical level. Only the ways of their manifestation change, based on historical eras. individual.

Personal motivation

Motives and incentives that contribute to the activation of actions are formed from. Stimulating personality traits can be conscious or unconscious.

They appear as:

• desire for success;
• avoiding troubles;
• gaining power, etc.

How do personality traits manifest themselves and how to recognize them?

The personal qualities of an individual are determined by analyzing behavioral factors:

• self-esteem. manifest themselves in relation to themselves: modest or confident, arrogant and self-critical, decisive and brave, people with a high level of self-control or lack of will;
• assessment of the individual's attitude to society. There are different degrees of relationships between the subject and representatives of society: honest and fair, sociable and polite, tactful, rude, etc.;
• a unique personality is determined by the level of interests in the labor, educational, sports or creative spheres;
• clarification of a person’s position in society occurs in close connection with opinions about him;
• when studying psychological factors, special attention is paid to memory, thinking and attention, which characterize the development of personal qualities;
• Observing the emotional perception of situations allows us to assess the individual’s reaction when solving problems or its absence;
• measuring the level of responsibility. The main qualities of a serious personality are manifested in labor activity in the form of a creative approach, entrepreneurship, initiative and bringing the matter to the desired result.

A review of the individual properties of people helps to create an overall picture of behavior in the professional and social spheres. The concept of “personality” is a person with individual properties determined by the social environment. These include personal characteristics: intelligence, emotions and will.

Grouping of features that contribute to personality recognition:

• subjects who are aware of the presence of their inherent social traits;
• people taking part in the social and cultural life of society;
• personal qualities and character of a person are easy to determine in social relationships through communication and the work sphere;
• individuals who are clearly aware of their uniqueness and importance in the public.

A person’s personal and professional qualities are manifested in the formation of a worldview and internal perception. An individual always asks philosophical questions about life and his significance in society. He has his own ideas, views and life positions that influence