People began to invent the first robots already in the middle of the last century. Of course, the first cumbersome developments only vaguely resembled modern ones.
People began to invent the first robots already in the middle of the last century. Of course, the first cumbersome developments only vaguely resembled modern ones, but only thanks to their appearance was science able to advance in the study and design of robotics. The modern stage of development of civilization can offer millions of modifications of automatic devices, let's get acquainted with the most famous of them.
AsimoAsimo is a Japanese robot created by Honda Corporation. Initial technical developments were carried out by the organization from the early 80s. The finished product in the form of the Asimo robot was presented to the public at the beginning of the new millennium. It has become one of the most discussed projects of the 21st century.
At the moment, Japanese developers continue to upgrade the device. Asimo, assembled in 2014, is a robot that is 1.5 meters tall and weighs 50 kg. The automatic device is capable of independently maneuvering in space, avoiding obstacles, and performing actions within the framework of its program, for example, bringing tea at a person’s request.
VGo
The robotic telepresence device VGo is controlled using a Wi-Fi network. The robot can move, speak, hear and see objects around it. The user can connect a device to the system and use it as a kind of camera.
A similar development was created for people with disabilities who cannot visit certain places. For example, a disabled child can see his school class while at home. He will be able to receive assignments and follow lessons through the VGo robot.
Boston Dynamics
This robot was introduced in 2005. BigDog is a four-legged device that can cover significant distances. The length of the BigDog model is 1.5 meters, the height reaches 1 meter. The weight of such a robot is 110 kg. With its help, a person can transport loads weighing up to 150 kg, the minimum speed of the robot is will be 6 km/h.
Roboy
Employees of the University of Zurich created Roboy. This exhibit has movable tendons, so its gestures resemble human ones. The Roboy design has a soft surface and you can feel the individual joints. The robot can express different emotions. It is believed that he would be a good helper for lonely elderly people deprived of attention, care and care.
Kuratas
This is a giant robot with a height of 4 meters. The weight of the device reaches 4.5 tons. It implies the presence of a driver who controls the car from the cab. It is possible to control the giant's actions from a distance using a remote panel. The maximum speed of movement of the Kuratas robot reaches 10 km/h.
The device was created by Japanese artist Kogoro Kurata, who designed it based on an anime design. Roboticist Wataru Yoshizaki added to the design. The cost of the robot is 1.3 million dollars.
iCub
Italian experts have developed a humanoid robot called iCub, appearance which almost completely replicates the structure of the human body. The device responds when its name is called. It is able to identify familiar people, remember the names and properties of inanimate objects.
The automatic iCub device can navigate in space and find a way out of complex labyrinths. He was taught to shoot a bow with perfect accuracy.
Advances in robotics are constantly occurring in the fields of space exploration, healthcare, public safety, entertainment, defense, and many others. Some of these machines are completely autonomous, some require human intervention. But all of them are created to expand human capabilities; they can move and penetrate into complex or dangerous places where we ourselves cannot go. Here are collected robots that have been created over the past couple of years.
The two-legged humanoid robot Atlas was developed by the American robotics company Boston Dynamics. He was presented to the media during a press conference at the University of Hong Kong on October 17, 2013. This robot is 1.83 meters tall and weighs 149.7 kg. The robot is made of aluminum and titanium, and it cost $1.93 million. He is capable of performing a variety of movements that are natural to humans, such as walking or gymnastics.
22-year-old French patient Florian Lopez holds a tree branch with his new bionic arm at the Coubert rehabilitation center southeast of Paris, June 3, 2013. Lopez lost three fingers in an accident in late 2011, becoming the first French patient to receive such an artificial limb. The cost of such a mechanical arm is 42,000 euros, and is already in use in Scotland and the USA.
MVF-5 is a multifunctional robotic fire extinguishing system developed by Dok-Ing that extinguishes a car using a water cannon. It was presented at the annual conference on “Robotics in emergency and crisis situations, the use of military robots for civil protection” in the city of Bouches-du-Rhone in the south of France.
A man holds the Telenoid R1 robot in his arms at the Innorobo 2013 Robotics Innovation Fair. At this conference, companies and research centers presented their Newest technologies in Robotics, March 19, 2013 in Lyon. The Telenoid R1 robot is designed as a telepresence robot, i.e. in order to simulate the presence of a distant person, such as a grandchild. And allows people to communicate in a more natural environment.
Two four-legged robots running across a field during testing. These semi-autonomous vehicles are designed to help transport heavy loads over rough terrain, interacting in a similar way with troops instead of real animals.
On October 9, NASA's Juno spacecraft flew close to Earth to harness its gravity for acceleration and headed toward Jupiter. The Juno camera captured the Earth at this moment in order to check the instruments and make sure that everything was going according to plan. Juno was launched by NASA from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida on August 5, 2011. Juno's Atlas 551 rocket was capable of boosting Juno just enough to reach the asteroid belt. After which the gravitational force of the Sun again forced Juno to return to the inner part solar system. Earth's gravitational gravity will increase the speed of the ship so that it can set a course for Jupiter, and will reach it on July 4th, 2016.
In this photo taken on October 6, 2013, laser beams illuminate a robot during a performance at a restaurant in Tokyo.
The RC SWAT robot is a small controllable tank with a police shield. It was demonstrated in Sanford, Maine on April 18, 2013. The company behind it says their device will help SWAT teams and other first responders defend themselves while stopping armed adversaries.
A robotic eel prototype sits in a pool inside the New Orleans Institute of Mechanical Engineering on October 2, 2012. The robot eel can navigate dangerous waters almost unnoticed while moving at low speeds. Which makes it impossible to detect it using radar detection systems, such as deep-sea mines have.
US President Barack Obama shakes a robot's hand during a science fair project in the State Dining Room of the White House in Washington, DC on April 22, 2013. Obama attended the White House Science Fair and congratulated winners of competitions in various fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) from around the country.
A robot dragon at the medieval spectacle "Dragon's Sting" sets fire to Christmas trees in Furth im Wald, Germany, January 24, 2013.
A robotic flying platform with a camera captures Norwegian driver Andreas Mikkelsen and Finnish co-driver Mikko Markkula in a Volkswagen Polo R WRC during qualifying for the FIA World Rally Italy Championship on the Italian island of Sardinia on June 20, 2013.
Robotic moving targets set up for use as moving targets for testing at 2nd Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia September 24, 2013. The robots, developed by the Australian company Marathon, are the size of an average person, fall when hit by shots, and can move at walking or running speeds. A test like this is the most effective method for training in shooting at moving targets from an M4 carbine or M27 assault rifle.
Robots deliver food to customers at a robotic restaurant in Harbin, China on January 12, 2013. The restaurant was opened in June 2012, and immediately became famous thanks to the use of 20 robots, 1.3-1.6 m tall, who can cook and deliver dishes. The robots can operate continuously for five hours after two hours of charging, and are capable of displaying more than 10 facial expressions and saying basic greetings to customers.
The mobile fishing system, developed by Lockheed Martin, constantly moves across the surface of the ocean, in waters more than 12,000 feet deep. It is working to address potential issues related to impacts on water quality or impacts on the seabed. The system works by integrating satellite communications, remote sensing of the earth, is driven by a motor and has software to describe the situation.
A Toshiba cleaning robot for working inside nuclear power plants is demonstrated at the Toshiba technical center in Yokohama on February 15, 2013. A robot on tracks spreads dry ice to remove contaminants from floors and walls. It will be used to clean up the aftermath of the Fukushima nuclear power plant.
Danish scientist Heinrich Scharfe (right) poses with his Geminoid-DK robot during a presentation at the National Robotics Olympics in San Jose on August 16, 2013. The Geminoid-DK robot looks like an exact copy of its creator, Professor Scharfe.
This NASA image is one of a series of photographs taken as the SpaceX Dragon-2 spacecraft undocked from the International Space Station on March 26, 2013. A spacecraft filled with experiments and old supplies can be seen in the hand of CanadArm2's robotic arm after it was undocked from the space station. The Dragon is scheduled to land in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California later that day. You can see the Moon in the center of the photo.
Zach Water, a 31-year-old software engineer from Seattle, prepares to climb the 103-story Willis Tower using the world's first neurally controlled bionic leg in Chicago on November 4, 2012. According to the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, their Center for Bionic Medicine is developing technology that allows amputees like Water to better control their prosthetics with their own minds.
Camels are ridden by robot jockeys during the weekly camel race in Kuwait on January 26, 2013. The robots are controlled by drivers who follow behind in their cars throughout the entire track.
GROVER - a new remotely operated vehicle for exploring and exploring the peaks in Greenland, May 10, 2013. GROVER is an autonomous, solar-powered robot carrying radar equipment to study the Greenland Ice Sheet. Its results will help scientists understand how massive ice sheets melt. After downloading and testing Grover, the team began testing the robot on ice on May 8, with wind speeds of up to 37 km/h and outside temperatures of minus 30 degrees Celsius.
Humanoid robot bartender "Karl" gestures to guests at the Robot Bar in the eastern German city of Ilmenau on July 26, 2013. "Carl", designed and built by Mechatronics engineer Ben Schaefer, makes cocktails and can have small conversations with customers.
X-47B, demonstration launches from US Navy aircraft carrier CVN 77. After completing his first flight, he landed on the take-off deck of an aircraft carrier. The landing of this robotic system is the first time an unmanned aircraft has landed at sea.
A robot helps passengers find their way through the baggage claim area of Geneva International Airport on June 13, 2013. The robot is designed to accompany travelers to various facilities such as baggage, ATM, showers and toilets.
View from the front camera of NASA's Mars rover on August 29, 2013. The rover, still in operation today, has been traveling on the surface of Mars collecting data for almost 10 years, since its landing in January 2004.
Kokoro unveils a humanoid robot called "Actroid" (left) and its internal workings (center) at the company's headquarters in Tokyo on February 7, 2013.
Rosser Pryor, co-owner and president of Automation, sits next to a new high-performance industrial robot at the Atlanta Center on January 15, 2013. Pryor, who has laid off 40 of his 100 workers since the recession, says the company is making enough money to hire a dozen more people, but he is investing in automation and software.
Chinese inventor Tao Xiangli assembles components for his homemade robot in the courtyard of his home in Beijing May 15, 2013. The 37-year-old Chinese man spent about $24,000 and about a year of work to assemble the robot from recycled scrap metal and electrical wires he purchased from the secondary market. The robot is 2.1 meters tall and weighs about 480 kilograms.
Photographers take pictures of Toshiba's new four-legged robot, which the company says is capable of performing tsunami recovery work in Fukushima. The new robot can walk on uneven surfaces, avoid obstacles and climb stairs. The robot is equipped with a camera and a dosimeter, and can move around in a nuclear power plant via remote control.
A robot inspects the ruins of a tunnel entrance in the archaeological section of the Temple of Quetzalcoatl near the Pyramid of the Sun in Teotihuacan archaeological site, about 60 km north of Mexico City, April 22, 2013. A robot has discovered three ancient chambers in the last section of unexplored tunnels in the famous Teotihuacan. This is the first such discovery of robots in this Latin American country.
An engineer makes adjustments to the "Incredible Bionic Man" robot at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC on October 17, 2013. For the first time in world history, a robot was created by artificially implanting human organs.
Robots have not yet entered our lives, as shown in many science-fiction blockbusters, but such a time is not far off. Technologies are developing at a rapid pace; a robot can be molded into both a combat unit and a machine with a human appearance and thinking. What inventions can be considered the most advanced?
Robot girl HRP 4C
Yes, the robot looks like a sweetheart Japanese girl, but what's inside? The height of this model is only 159 cm, and the weight including the battery is 43 kg. The robot moves using 30 electric motors, and another 8 of these are responsible for facial expressions. The girl is often simply called Miim, she can dance and can sing thanks to a software vocal synthesizer. Miim can also recognize words addressed to her and interpret sounds. The first version of the robot was demonstrated by the Japanese back in 2009, and it is most often used in the entertainment industry, where realistic human analogues are needed.
Atlas robot
The model is 188 cm tall and weighs almost 150 kg. The robot is driven by 28 mechanical, hydraulic and thermal drives. The most interesting thing is that there is no battery inside this machine, like any other energy sources. The robot is powered by a special 15 kW energy converter, which operates through a standard 480 Volt electrical network. Initially, the robot was created to eliminate emergency situations and even man-made disasters. Atlas moves easily over rough terrain and can walk over boulders and use its arms to climb vertical obstacles.
Humanoid robot ASIMO
A small robot that easily imitates a human gait was invented by Honda. Baby ASIMO is 130 cm tall and weighs 54 kg. In addition to being a perfect copy of a human gait at 6 km per hour, the robot interacts phenomenally with people. Thanks to a video camera built into the head, ASIMO collects all visual information; it recognizes many objects, while estimating their direction and distance. Thus, the robot easily follows a person, and when approaching, can greet him. He can go up and down stairs, and also recognizes any obstacles, for example, without much difficulty avoiding people he meets on the way.
The producers did not forget to work with sound. The robot not only recognizes sounds, but also distinguishes them from the human voice. You can enter 10 human faces into the ASIMO memory, the robot will recognize them and address them by name.
Robot assistant HRP-2 Promet
Such a robot, of course, will not be able to replace a nanny, but it will act as a butler without any problems. Such a device will open your refrigerator, move furniture and control your TV. The robot performs all these pleasant things after voice commands. The robot has several cameras in its head, and they create three-dimensional projections for it.
Human double from Denmark Geminoid DK
The author of the development is a scientist from the University of Aalborg in Denmark, Henrik Scharfe. The Dane made the robot in his own image. Henrik Scharfe's double moves confidently, smiles and breathes. Of course, Geminoid DK is still easy to distinguish from a person, but it looks really impressive. The machine perfectly imitates facial expressions and accurately repeats movements. The robot can be controlled remotely.
"Rock Paper Scissors"
Robots can be useful and different. Of course, there are more useful ones. But there are also those that amaze us with their “important” functionality. For example, a robot created by scientists at the University of Tokyo this month that plays rock-paper-scissors with a human. Moreover, he is capable of winning in 100% of cases, since he recognizes the formation of the figure even before the end, and then quickly shows the winning option. Like this interesting game it turns out.
“Hit a target with a bow? No problem!"
Have you ever tried archery? Hitting the target accurately is not the easiest task. A person needs to train a lot for this. But the robotic archer, created by engineers at the Italian Institute of Technology, is capable of learning in just a few attempts, adjusting to the target until the shot is perfect. Of course, he is still far from being an Olympic champion in archery. If you add the wind that constantly changes direction, the robotic archer will never be able to adjust to the target.
“Now I’ll play for you!”
Toyota Robot - japanese robot, capable of playing famous musical masterpieces. I wonder if this can be called “live music”, since he really plays live?
“No one to play ball with? Play with the robot!
A specialist from Disney Research has created a robot that will not let you get bored. What can he do? Catch the ball and throw it back. You say it's too simple? But this is only at first glance. To track movement, an entire system of ASUS Xtion PRO LIVE cameras and a flight prediction algorithm were created. Moreover, if the robot drops the ball, he thoughtfully shakes his head and shrugs his shoulders.
"Do not repeat after me!"
Japanese scientists have created robots that are difficult to distinguish from humans at first glance. In addition, scientists taught them to repeat facial expressions and movements after a person. So don’t be too surprised if you meet a strange guy on the street repeating after you. Maybe he's just a robot...
"Look who I caught!"
Meet ChouChou, the world's first butterfly robot. It looks like the real thing, and even reacts to knocking on the lid of the jar!
“Pour me a beer!”
Imagine this situation: you walk into your favorite bar, sit down at the counter and, out of habit, throw to the bartender: “I’ll have a glass of light as usual.” In response you hear an email: “Your $2.50, please.” You look up, and there... a robot made of Lego bricks. He smiles cheerfully and hands you your beer, and at the same time makes some topical joke.
And this is not fantasy! Such a robot actually exists, thanks to the efforts of students from the Faculty of Computational Linguistics and Phonetics at the University of Saarland in Germany.
The most amazing robots on the planet gathered this week in the center of the capital at the International Forum "Mobile Robots 2010", organized with the support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. As part of the forum at the Sports Palace, robotic sumo wrestlers will compete, smart machines that avoid obstacles, harvesters and garbage collectors will demonstrate their abilities...
Several centuries have passed since the time of the first robot inventor, Leonardo da Vinci, and today automated machines can not only move their arms and turn their heads, but also express feelings and, most amazingly, make decisions. Many of them are so successful in their work that they can easily replace a person.
Astronaut
In September 2010, the first robot, named Robonaut II, will begin its duties aboard the Discovery shuttle. The uniqueness of this device is that, being dexterous and agile, it can easily lift a load weighing over 9 kg. Unlike a person, he does not need a spacesuit, which means Robonaut can do much of what people do, but in a vacuum and without special protection, reports gzt.ru.
Housewife
One of the most popular areas in robotics is the creation of household assistants. In general, a robot is a machine with anthropomorphic behavior. This word first appeared in the play “R.U.R” by the Czech writer Karel Capek; the term itself comes from the Czech robota - forced labor. It turns out that serving people is their main task. So the Korean Mahru-Z knows how to clean up the house, load washing machine, heat food in the microwave and bring it to the owner, writes zhelezyaka.com.
Chess player
Last year, Russian scientists developed a robot chess player. Using a three-fingered mechanical probe, he independently moves pieces on an electric chessboard. Developer Konstantin Kosteniuk said that the robot has already beaten several famous grandmasters, but, in his opinion, it needs improvement; for example, it should also speak and wash dishes. For now, the device can only play simultaneously with three opponents and endlessly with itself.
Robot suitcase
Russian inventors say that a robotic suitcase will go on sale next year. The device itself will follow the owner, or rather, the owner of the beacon card. It overcomes obstacles and takes into account the features of the landscape, for example, it knows how to stop in front of stairs and slows down on an inclined plane. The battery charge lasts for 2 hours, it is made of shock-resistant and waterproof material, writes robotronic.ru.
Child
Before deciding to become parents, Japanese inventors advise having a child simulator robot. It's called Yotaro and is capable of delivering all the difficulties that await young parents. He can express emotions, in particular, he can cry with water.
Nurse
Of course, the mechanisms are primarily designed to make life easier for people. Scientists are constantly creating medical microrobots that can penetrate the human body, mechanized arms, etc. And American scientists, for example, have developed a prototype of a wheelchair that can move independently. Laser detectors evaluate landscape features and plot a route. In Japan, mechanized nurses and brothers are already working in hospitals, and in the future they will also be able to carry patients in their arms. A device weighing up to 180 kg with “arms” covered with soft material will pick up the patient and, guided by data received from sensors, transfer the patient from place to place. The robot responds to voice and recognizes faces.
Patient
Robots can also be a simulator. For example, dental. Externally, the Hanako model looks like a person, while novice doctors are “fixing” her “teeth”, she can feign pain, roll her eyes and drool. In addition, Hanako says "I'm in pain" and a few other standard phrases.
Marine orderlies
Small autonomous robots AUE (autonomous underwater explorers) come to the aid of ecologists and oceanographers. They can work in “flocks” (5-6 football-sized vehicles and 20 smaller devices), patrolling the depths of the sea and collecting data on water conditions, currents, pressure, pollution levels, etc.
Fashion model
The robot model was developed by Japanese specialists. The mechanical girl, whose body contains 30 motors, can gracefully move along the catwalk, take various poses and express various emotions. Model HRP-4C is 158 cm tall and weighs 43 kg, writes pinktentacle.com.
Teacher
According to futuristic films, in the future robots will work on an equal basis with people in all fields of activity. Thus, a robot teacher was successfully tested in a Japanese school several years ago. He owns different languages, can arrange roll call, give tasks and express emotions.
Sniffer
Scientists teach robots to recognize odors. For example, the sensor of the Ubiko model recognizes the smell of smoke and ash, then the device sends a signal to the security console, which is already taking measures to eliminate the fire. Another device uses an infrared spectrometer to determine chemical composition product, its freshness and composition.
Kitchen Helper
The first robot chef was designed in 2006 in China. The AIC-AI model prepared a variety of dishes, of course, Chinese cuisine. She can fry, steam, boil, boil, bake, etc. And Robo Waiter 1 worked in a Hong Kong restaurant. The robot shuttled between tables, took orders and, of course, brought additional income to the establishment.
Emorobot
As robotics develops, models become more and more emotional. Humanoid robots are becoming more and more human-like. They can not only perform certain functions, but also express admiration, surprise, sadness, antipathy, joy, etc. Capturing changes in human face, the robot reacts to them accordingly. In the future it is planned to use him as a nurse.
The smallest
The smallest robot was assembled in Japan in 1992. The length of the mechanism was only 1 cm. And the smallest humanoid robot is the BeRobot model with a height of just over 15 cm. It can walk, dance, do push-ups and knows simple techniques of oriental tai chi wrestling. The mechanism can be controlled by voice or remote control.
Fish
A Japanese robot fish can monitor sea creatures unnoticed by them. Hidden under the silicone shell, which mimics the appearance of a red snapper, is a system of ballasts similar to those used in submarines for surfacing and diving. The device is activated by movements of the tail section.
Cockroaches
And cockroach robots can destroy populations of harmful insects. Scientists in France, Belgium and Switzerland have created a model that looks like a cockroach, moves on wheels, and is equipped with cameras and infrared sensors. In the future, inventors intend to create more serious models, for example, for managing a sheep herd.
Assistant
The French company Robosoft recently introduced a device called Kompai, designed to help the elderly and people with disabilities. Kompai not only talks and understands speech, but also performs many different tasks around the house. In addition, using the camera built into the robot, you can establish contact with friends and acquaintances on the Internet.
Musicians
Creativity has also ceased to be the prerogative of man. Modern robots can play musical instruments and paint pictures. According to the Daily Mail, the Model WF-4RIV, invented by specialists from Wassed University, plays the flute masterfully, while it “listens” to the audience and orchestra musicians. The Haile robot, like a live drummer, adapts to the sounding melody and improvises itself. And a four-fingered hand created in Harbin plays an electronic organ.
Artist
Swiss Salvador DaBot with a mustache and a beret is a robot that draws portraits. First, he takes a photo of the face, and then uses a special algorithm to create a drawing. At the same time, he can “communicate.”
Beer lover
Austrian inventors created an alcoholic robot in 2004, writes membrana.ru. Bar Bot sits in a bar, looking for a "victim". Catching a curious glance, he begins to ask for a coin, and having collected the required amount, he begins to spin around his axis, saying: “One beer, please.” The bartender puts a can of beer in his "hand". “Thank you very much,” Bar Bot thanks, and slowly pours the drink into his “mouth” that resembles a shell. Then he throws the can on the floor, and the process begins again.
The material was prepared by the online editors of www.rian.ru based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources
