Diet No. 16 reduces inflammation of the mucous membrane of the upper gastrointestinal tract, creates favorable conditions for the healing of ulcers and erosions, and therefore is prescribed for peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum.

Diet No. 16 normalizes restoration processes in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum, reduces irritation of local sensory nerve endings, regulates the secretory, excretory and motor functions of the stomach.

Diet No. 16 is prescribed for bed rest.

The diet provides physiological norms of proteins and fats. The amount of carbohydrates and table salt is limited . In addition, they are limited food products, which have a chemical and mechanical irritant effect on the mucous membrane and sensitive nerve endings of the upper gastrointestinal tract, strong stimulants of gastric secretion, as well as foods that linger in the stomach for a long time. Dishes are prepared by boiling in water or steaming and served pureed.

IN daily ration contains :

proteins - 100-110g,
fat - 110g,
carbohydrates - 300g,
table salt - 8-10g per day.

Its weight ranges from 2.5 to 3kg, calorie content - from 2600 to 3000 kcal.
Meals are fractional - 6-7 times a day.

From bakery products Crackers made from premium white bread are allowed.

Soups are prepared using a mucous broth with the addition of pureed cereals and an egg-milk mixture.

Allowed lean meats, poultry and fish. Dishes from them are prepared by boiling in water or steaming after first removing fascia, tendons and skin. Meat, poultry and fish are served chopped: meatballs, cutlets, quenelles, soufflé, etc.

Excluded vegetable side dishes and pasta. Mashed milk porridges made from semolina, buckwheat, rice or oatmeal are allowed.

Eggs are served soft-boiled, in the form of steamed omelettes and dishes made from whipped whites (snowballs, meringues).

Allowed jelly, sweet berry and fruit juices(half with water), sugar, honey, jelly from sweet varieties of berries and fruits.

Dairy products are given in the form of whole, condensed milk, cream, fresh non-acidic mashed cottage cheese, and curd soufflé.

Drinks: tea with milk or cream and unsweetened rosehip infusion.

Approximate one-day diet menu No. 1b

8:00	steamed meat cutlets - rice milk porridge - butter - rosehip decoction -	80g 200g 15g 200ml
11:00	milk - with crackers -	200ml 30g
14:00	slimy pearl barley soup (in light meat broth) - steamed cottage cheese soufflé with cherry sauce - compote -	300ml 150ml 200ml
17:00	milk - white stale bread -	200ml 1 piece
19:00	milky buckwheat slimy porridge - soft-boiled egg - sea buckthorn juice -	300g 1 PC. 100ml
21:00	milk - with crackers	200ml 30g

Sample one-day menu of lipotropic diet No. 1b
(calorie content 2432 kcal)

8:00	curd soufflé - oatmeal porridge with milk - milk -	150g 300g 200ml
11:00	fruit jelly -	180ml
14:00	rice milk soup - steamed fish soufflé with vegetable oil - fruit jelly -	400ml 150g 200ml
17:00	rosehip decoction - crackers -	200ml 50g
19:00	white omelette - fruit jelly -	110g 200ml
21:00	milk -	200ml

Treatment tables (diets) according to Pevzner- this diet system created by Professor M.I. Pevzner, one of the founders of dietetics and gastroenterology in the USSR. The system is widely used in the complex treatment of diseases of patients in hospitals and sanatoriums. The tables are also of a recommendatory nature for patients when they are outside medical institutions.

The Pevzner diet system includes 15 treatment tables corresponding to certain groups of diseases. Some of the tables are divided into categories with letter designations. Categories of therapeutic diets correspond to the stage or period of the pathological process: exacerbation (height) of the disease → fading exacerbation → recovery.

Indications for the appointment of treatment tables:

Diet No. 1, 1a, 1b– stomach and duodenal ulcers;
Diet No. 2– atrophic gastritis, colitis;
Diet No. 3– constipation;
Diet No. 4, 4a, 4b, 4c– intestinal diseases with diarrhea;
Diet No. 5, 5a– diseases of the biliary tract and liver;
Diet No. 6– urolithiasis, gout;
Diet No. 7, 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d– chronic and acute nephritis, chronic renal failure;
Diet No. 8– obesity;
Diet No. 9- diabetes;
Diet No. 10– diseases of the cardiovascular system;
Diet No. 11– tuberculosis;
Diet No. 12– diseases of the nervous system;
Diet No. 13– spicy infectious diseases;
Diet No. 14– kidney disease with passage of phosphate stones;
Diet No. 15– diseases that do not require special diets.

Indications:

in the acute stage and unstable remission;
acute gastritis;
chronic gastritis with normal and high acidity in the stage of mild exacerbation;

Diet: 4-5 times a day

Appointment date: at least 2-3 months

Products:

	Recommended	Exclude
Bread and pastries	White wheat bread, yesterday's bread, dried Dry biscuit Dry unsweetened cookies	Black bread Butter flour products
First meal	Soups made from pureed cereals, potatoes and vegetables (except cabbage) Milk soups with vermicelli, noodles, rice, semolina	Meat and fish broths Vegetable and mushroom broths
Meat	Lean meats (beef, veal, chicken, turkey, rabbit) without tendons and fat, boiled, steamed, pureed Lean and tender meat in pieces Weak jelly
Fish	Low-fat fish (pike perch, cod, silver hake, navaga, ice fish, etc.) boiled or in pieces Jellied fish
Cereals and porridges	Various cereals in the form of porridge, puree, soufflé, pudding, boiled in water and steamed. Boiled vermicelli, homemade noodles, finely chopped pasta	Millet Legumes (peas, beans, beans, lentils)
Dairy	Whole and condensed milk Sour cream (limited) One-day sour milk Non-acidic pureed cottage cheese Curd soufflé Curd
Vegetables and greens	Any vegetables (except forbidden ones) in boiled pureed form	White and red cabbage Turnip, rutabaga Spinach, sorrel Radish, radish Garlic, onion
Fruits	Ripe fruits and sweet berries (fresh and cooked) Kissels, jellies, mousses, compotes from fresh and dried fruits	Sour varieties of berries and fruits
Sweets	Honey, sugar, jam
Beverages	Rose hip decoction Weak coffee Cocoa with milk Tea with milk or cream Milk jelly Sweet fruit and berry juices	Carbonated drinks Alcohol
Eggs	Scrambled eggs Steam omelettes Eggs in dishes	Eggs raw
Sauces and spices	Milk sauces, sour cream (with cereal broth and milk) without sautéing flour, fruit sauces	Spicy seasonings Marinades
Fats and oils	Unsalted butter Sunflower and olive oil	Refractory fats Margarine
Snacks	Mild grated cheese Lean ham, finely chopped	Fried foods Smoked meats Canned foods

Nutrition Features:

Food is served warm in a semi-liquid or jelly-like form, meat dishes and potatoes without frying. Limit the content of table salt.

Table No. 1a

Modification of the main table with strict sparing of the gastric mucosa, which involves eating food in liquid, mushy and jelly-like form.

Indications:

stomach and duodenal ulcers (severe exacerbation);
exacerbation of chronic gastritis with severe pain;
state after (after a strict gentle diet).

Diet: 5-6 times a day

Appointment date: a few days

Recommended: milk, slimy cereal milk soups with butter; liquid, pureed, milk porridges; soft-boiled eggs or steam omelettes; steam soufflés from lean varieties of fish and meat; unsalted butter or olive oil, cream; berry, fruit (non-acidic) and milk jelly, carrot, fruit juices, rosehip decoction, weak tea with milk.

Salt is limited to 5-8 g, liquid - to 1.5 liters. Additionally, vitamins A, C, and group B are prescribed.

Table No. 1b

Prescribed to ensure a smooth transition from a strict gentle diet to a basic diet.

Indications:

subacute phase of peptic ulcer and exacerbation of gastritis.

Diet: 4-5 times a day

Appointment date: a few days

Nutritional features and products:

The food is prepared in a puree form, 75-100 g of premium white bread crackers, meat and fish in the form of cutlets, quenelles, and meatballs are added. More often they give pureed milk porridges. Milk and cereal soups.

Table No. 2

Indications:

chronic gastritis with low acidity;
atrophic gastritis;
chronic colitis without exacerbation.

Diet: 4-5 times a day

Appointment date: for a long time

Products:

	Recommended	Exclude
Bread and pastries	Yesterday's white and gray wheat bread Dry unsweetened cookies Savory bakery products	Fresh wheat bread
First meal	Soups based on low-fat meat and fish broths with pureed cereals, noodles, and vegetables	Milk soups
Meat dishes	Lean meats (beef, veal, chicken, turkey, rabbit), minced, baked and fried without breading, boiled Boiled chicken without skin	Fatty and stringy meat Bird skin
Fish	Low-fat fish: pike perch, cod, silver hake, navaga, ice fish Boiled or fried fish Jellied fish Lightly salted herring (once a week)	Canned fish
Cereals and porridges	Porridges from various cereals (except prohibited ones) Pasta, casseroles Finely chopped pasta, vermicelli	Millet, pearl barley, corn, barley porridge
Dairy	Milk with tea or as part of dishes Curdled milk	Whole milk
Vegetables and greens	Vegetable purees Boiled cauliflower Stewed zucchini and pumpkin Tomato salads Early finely chopped dill, parsley	Radish bell pepper Onion Sauerkraut
Fruits	Kissels, compotes, jellies, mousses from sweet berries and fruits	Raw fruits, especially those with hard skins and seeds (red currants, raspberries, gooseberries, grapes) Dried fruits (dates)
Sweets	Sugar, honey
Beverages	Tea Cocoa with milk Decoction of rosehip and wheat bran Sweet fruit and berry juices mixed with water	Carbonated drinks Alcohol
Eggs	Soft-boiled eggs, omelettes	Hard-boiled eggs
Sauces and spices	Meat, fish, sour cream sauces	Hot seasonings and spices, marinades
Fats and oils	Butter Melted butter
Snacks	Soaked herring Doctor's sausage Mild grated cheese Lean ham

Nutrition Features:

Boiled, stewed, baked dishes, with varying degrees of grinding, are allowed. It is allowed to fry dishes without forming a rough crust (do not bread them in breadcrumbs). Products high in fiber and dietary fiber are served pureed. Difficult to digest foods are excluded, as well as dishes that irritate the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, excessively cold and hot dishes.

Table No. 3

Indications:

chronic diseases and functional bowel disorders accompanied by constipation.

Diet: 4-5 times a day

Appointment date: unlimited

Products:

	Recommended	Exclude
Bread and pastries	Wheat bread, yesterday's grain bread Dry unsweetened cookies	Fresh wheat bread Fresh baked goods Baking from butter and puff pastry
First meal	Soups with low-fat meat and fish broths, vegetable soups	Slimy soups
Meat	Lean meats: beef, veal, chicken, turkey, rabbit, Milk sausages	Duck, goose, fatty meat Smoked meats
Fish	Low-fat fish: pike perch, cod, perch Seafood	Salted, smoked, fatty fish Canned fish
Cereals and porridges	Buckwheat, millet, wheat, barley cereals	Rice cereals, semolina Pasta
Dairy	Whole milk Fermented milk drinks (kefir, yogurt) Cottage cheese, curd puddings, casseroles, lazy dumplings, Mild cheese, sour cream large quantities
Vegetables and greens	Potatoes – limited Tomatoes Celery Cauliflower Leaf salad	Radish Onion
Fruits	Fresh ripe varieties of fruits and berries, Dried fruits (figs, prunes)	Blueberry
Sweets	Marmalade, pastille, marshmallows, jam, honey, jam, marshmallow, caramel	Pastries with cream and whipped cream
Beverages	Green tea coffee drink Rose hip decoction, Sweet fruit and vegetable juices Sparkling mineral water	Kissel Strong black tea
Eggs	Soft-boiled eggs, steamed egg white omelettes	Hard boiled eggs
Sauces and spices		Spicy seasonings, marinades, Spicy and fatty sauces
Fats and oils	Butter Vegetable oil
Other		Mushrooms

Nutrition Features:

Food is prepared mostly unchopped, boiled in water or steamed, or baked. Vegetables and fruits are consumed raw or boiled. The diet includes cold first and sweet dishes and drinks.

Table No. 4

Indications:

acute and exacerbation of chronic intestinal diseases, accompanied by diarrhea (diarrhea)

Diet: 5 times a day

Appointment date: a few days

Products:

	Recommended	Exclude
Bread and pastries	Top quality crackers made from white wheat bread, not toasted, thinly sliced	Pastry products Cakes Black bread
First meal	Slimy soups in low-fat meat or fish broth, or in vegetable broth with well-cooked cereals, vermicelli, noodles, finely chopped vegetables with the addition of steamed or boiled meat or fish dumplings, meatballs, egg flakes, boiled and pureed meat.	Meat and fish broths Vegetable infusions
Meat and fish	Beef, veal, poultry or fresh low-fat fish in the form of steamed cutlets, quenelles, meatballs, soufflés	Fatty meats and fish Meat in a piece Salty fish Canned food
Cereals and porridges	Puree porridge in water or in low-fat meat broth made from rice, oatmeal, buckwheat, semolina and other cereals	Wheat porridge, pearl barley Pasta
Dairy	Fresh calcined cottage cheese in pureed form	Milk
Vegetables and greens		Fresh vegetables, herbs
Fruits	Peeled apple puree Jelly, jelly from blueberries, dogwoods, bird cherry, quince, pears	Any raw fruits and berries
Sweets	Sugar limited	Any
Beverages	Strong tea with lemon and sugar Juices of black currants, blueberries half and half with water Rose hip decoction Decoction of dried black currants, blueberries, bird cherry	Carbonated drinks Alcohol
Eggs	Up to 1-2 per day. Soft-boiled, steamed omelet and in dishes
Sauces and spices	Salt is limited	Any
Fats and oils	Butter
Snacks		Any

Nutrition Features:

Mechanical, chemical and thermal irritants of the gastrointestinal tract are sharply limited. Products and dishes that stimulate the secretion of the digestive organs, the processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines are excluded. Dishes are liquid, semi-liquid, pureed, boiled in water or steamed. Very hot and cold dishes are excluded.

Table No. 4a

Indications:

colitis with a predominance of fermentation processes.

Diet: 5 times a day

Appointment date: a few days

The composition is the same as in diet No. 4, but carbohydrate-rich foods (porridge, bread, sugar) are sharply limited and the protein content is increased due to meat dishes and pureed cottage cheese.

Table No. 4b

Indications:

chronic colitis in the attenuation stage of the disease.

Diet: 4-6 times a day

Appointment date: from 1-2 months to several years

Diet features:

In contrast to the main diet, snacks are allowed (mild cheese, doctor's sausage, pate, veal, soaked herring, jellied meat, jellied tongue) and sauces (meat, vegetable and fish weak broth with dill, parsley leaves, milk bechamel sauce with the addition of a small amount of sour cream, fruit sauces, cinnamon can be used).

All dishes are boiled or steamed, pureed, slimy, and served warm.

Table No. 4b

Indications:

acute intestinal diseases during the recovery period as a transition to a balanced diet;
chronic intestinal diseases during the period of exacerbation;
chronic intestinal diseases without exacerbation with concomitant lesions of other digestive organs.

Diet: 5 times a day

Appointment date: a few months

Nutrition Features:

This diet is prescribed to provide adequate nutrition in case of intestinal dysfunction to restore the function of other digestive organs. The diet is physiologically complete with limited salt intake and a slight increase in the amount of protein foods. It eliminates and activates its secretion, as well as the secretion of the pancreas and stomach. You need to prepare dishes by steaming, crushed, or baking or boiling.

Table No. 5

Indications:

chronic hepatitis with a benign and progressive course;
liver cirrhosis without exacerbation;
chronic cholecystitis;
cholelithiasis;
acute hepatitis and cholecystitis during the recovery period;
other diseases accompanied by dysfunction of the liver and biliary tract.

Diet: 5 times a day

Appointment date: unlimited

Products:

	Recommended	Exclude
Bread and pastries	Yesterday's bread, white, gray, uneaten cookies and buns, Pies with apples and jam Black bread (individual)	Fresh bread, Puff pastry and pastry, fried pies
First meal	Vegetables, cereals in vegetable broth, Dairy with pasta, fruit, Vegetarian borscht and cabbage soup, beetroot soup.	Meat, fish and mushroom broths,
Meat and fish	Medium fat meat and poultry Beef, rabbit, chicken, turkey, veal - boiled in pieces, baked in pieces after boiling, chopped steamed products Lean fish in pieces, in the form of meatballs, soufflé Jellied fish	By-products Canned food Fried foods
Cereals and porridges	Any dishes from various cereals, especially buckwheat, oatmeal with the addition of cottage cheese, grated cheese Boiled vermicelli, Pilaf with fruits or carrots, rice-carrot, rice-apple casseroles, etc.	Legumes
Dairy	Milk in in kind and in dishes Kefir, yogurt, Fresh low-fat cottage cheese, steamed and baked dishes made from it, curd paste, Mild grated cheese Sour cream as a seasoning for dishes
Vegetables and greens	Various dishes and side dishes from raw, boiled and baked vegetables Fresh vegetable salads, vinaigrettes (without onions), Non-acidic sauerkraut, Vegetables and side dishes, Green peas in soups Parsley, dill, celery	Turnip Pickled vegetables
Fruits	Ripe sweet berries and soft fruits, natural and baked Fruit and berry purees, jellies, mousses, jellies, jams Fruit salads
Sweets	Sugar, honey, marshmallows
Beverages	Fruit, berry, vegetable juices, compotes, rosehip decoctions
Eggs	Protein steam omelettes	Yolks
Sauces and spices	Sauces based on vegetable and cereal decoctions and milk
Fats and oils	Butter and vegetable fats
Other	Doctor's sausage, milk sausages	Smoked meats Most sausages

Nutrition Features:

Dishes are mostly boiled or baked after pre-cooking. Food is prepared mainly in uncut form. Flour and vegetables for dressing are not fried, but dried.

Table No. 5a

Indications:

acute hepatitis and cholecystitis;
exacerbation of chronic hepatitis, cholecystitis, liver cirrhosis.

Diet: 5 times a day

Appointment date: a few days

Nutrition Features: nutrition is the same as with diet No. 5, but you should eat more protein-containing foods, limit foods containing fats and carbohydrates; dishes that enhance the processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines, strong stimulants of bile secretion and substances that irritate the liver.

Dishes are prepared boiled, mashed, and served warm. Separate baked dishes of meat and fish, pre-boiled, without crust, are allowed.

Table No. 6

Indications:

gout;
urolithiasis with urate stones.

Diet: 4-5 times a day

Appointment date: long

Products:

	Recommended	Exclude
Bread and pastries	Wheat and rye bread, made from 1st and 2nd grade flour. Various baked goods, including those containing ground bran	Baking
First meal	Vegetarian: borscht, cabbage soup, vegetable, potato, with the addition of cereals, cold (okroshka, beetroot soup), dairy, fruit.	Meat, fish and mushroom broths, from sorrel, spinach, legumes
Meat and fish	Low-fat types and varieties of meat and fish in boiled form.	Liver, kidneys, tongue, brains, meat of young animals and birds Smoked meats Salty fish Canned meat and fish, caviar
Cereals and porridges	Any dishes	Legumes
Dairy	Milk Fermented milk drinks Cottage cheese and dishes made from it,	Salty cheeses
Vegetables and greens	In increased quantities, raw and in any culinary processing. Potato dishes. Limited salted and pickled	Mushrooms Fresh legume pods, spinach, sorrel, rhubarb
Fruits	In increased quantities of fruits and berries, fresh and with any culinary processing. Dried fruits	Figs
Sweets	Marmalade, pastille, no chocolate candies, jam, honey, meringue Milk creams and jelly	Chocolate
Beverages	Tea with lemon and milk Weak coffee with milk Juices of fruits, berries and vegetables, fruit drinks, water with juices Decoctions of rose hips, wheat bran, dried fruits	Cocoa Strong tea and coffee
Eggs	1 egg per day in any cooking method
Sauces and spices	With vegetable broth, tomato, sour cream, milk. Citric acid, vanillin, cinnamon, bay leaf. Dill, parsley.	Sauces based on meat, fish, mushroom broths, Pepper, mustard, horseradish
Fats and oils	Butter, cow's ghee and vegetable oils Limited pork fat	Beef, lamb lard, cooking fats
Other	Salads from fresh and pickled vegetables, from fruits Vinaigrettes Vegetable, squash, eggplant caviar	Salty snacks, Smoked meats, canned food,

Nutrition Features:

Culinary processing is normal, excluding the mandatory boiling of meat, poultry and fish. The food temperature is normal.

Table No. 7

Indications:

acute nephritis in the recovery phase;
chronic nephritis without exacerbation;
nephropathy of pregnant women and other diseases requiring a salt-free diet.

Diet: 4-5 times a day

Appointment date: long

Products:

	Recommended	Exclude

Bread and pastries	Protein-free bread White wheat bran bread without salt Pancakes, pancakes with yeast and without salt
First meal	Vegetarian with vegetables, with sago without salt
Meat	Lean beef, veal, rabbit, chicken, turkey, boiled or baked, lightly fried after boiling, in pieces or chopped (beef stroganoff, steamed cutlets, meatballs, meatloaf)
Fish	Lean fish (pike perch, silver hake, navaga, cod, pike, carp), boiled in pieces, chopped, aspic after boiling
Cereals and porridges	Cereals and pasta limited
Dairy	Natural milk, lactic acid drinks, cottage cheese and curd dishes in limited quantities
Vegetables and greens	Potato Cauliflower Tomatoes Parsley
Fruits	Any fruits and berries, especially watermelon, melon Purees, jelly, starch mousses
Sweets	Sugar, honey, jam, jams
Beverages	Sweet tea, rosehip decoction Tea with milk Fruit and berry juices mixed with water	Alcohol
Eggs	White omelette, eggs in dishes, no more than 1 piece per day
Sauces and spices	Dairy, tomato, protein-free sauces Vegetable marinade with tomato	Sauces based on meat, mushroom and fish broths
Fats and oils	Any except refractory	Refractory fats
Other	Mild cheese The vinaigrette	Smoked meats and pickles Canned food

Nutrition Features: The diet is complete and practically no different from the diet of a healthy person. Patients are advised not to abuse protein foods (up to 0.8–0.9 g/kg) and somewhat limit salt (7–8 g/day).

Table No. 7a

Indications:

acute and chronic nephritis in the acute stage;
terminal chronic renal failure.

Diet: 5 times a day

Appointment date: a few days

Nutrition Features: modification of the basic diet with complete exception salt, sharp restriction of fluid and protein.

Table No. 7b

Indications:

recovery period after acute kidney inflammation;

Diet: 5 times a day

Appointment date: from several days to several months

Nutrition Features: modification of the basic diet with restriction of salt and protein is transitional from No. 7a to No. 7

Tables No. 7v and No. 7d

Prescribed to persons with severe nephrotic syndrome and those on hemodialysis, respectively.

They represent a modification of the basic diet with increased protein content.

Table No. 8

Indications:

obesity as a primary disease or concomitant with other diseases that do not require special diets.

Diet: 5-6 times a day

Appointment date: long

Products:

	Recommended	Exclude
Bread and pastries	Rye and wheat bread made from wholemeal flour, about 100 g per day Protein and protein-bran bread	Cookie White bread Bakery products Butter dough
First meal	Shchi, borscht, vegetable soups, beetroot soups	Dairy, potato, cereal, legumes, with pasta
Meat	Lean beef, veal, rabbit, chicken, boiled pork, beef sausages	Fatty meats
Fish	Low-fat fish, boiled, jellied Squid	Fatty fish
Cereals and porridges	Loose porridges made from buckwheat, pearl barley and barley in combination with vegetables	Pasta
Dairy	Low-fat lactic acid drinks (kefir, yogurt, acidophilus milk) Low-fat cottage cheese and dishes made from it	Ice cream
Vegetables and greens	Any vegetables and herbs with cheese and cooked Potatoes limited
Fruits	Sweet and sour fruits and berries, natural, baked Compotes, jelly without sugar	Sweet varieties of fruits and berries Grape Raisins, prunes
Sweets		Sugar Cakes Any candy
Beverages	Tea Black coffee Unsweetened compote Vegetable juices	Sweet juices and compotes
Eggs	Hard boiled
Sauces and spices		Fatty condiments Hot spices
Fats and oils	Vegetable oil Butter is limited	Refractory fats
Other	Vegetable, squid, fish, meat salads without mayonnaise with vegetable oil, vinaigrettes

Nutrition Features:

Reducing the caloric content of the diet due to carbohydrates, especially easily digestible ones. and, to a lesser extent, fats (mainly animal) with normal protein content. Restriction of free fluid, sodium chloride and appetite-stimulating foods and dishes. Increased dietary fiber content. Dishes are prepared boiled, stewed, baked. Use sugar substitutes for sweet foods and drinks.

Table No. 9

Indications:

mild to moderate diabetes mellitus;
establishing tolerance to carbohydrates;
selection of doses of insulin or other drugs.

Diet: 5 times a day

Appointment date: sometimes for life

Products:

	Recommended	Exclude
Bread and pastries	Black bread made from 2nd grade flour, Baking using sweeteners	Cakes
First meal	Soups from various vegetables, cabbage soup, borscht, beetroot soup, meat and vegetable okroshka, soups in weak broths or water with permitted cereals, potatoes, meatballs	Fatty and strong broths
Meat	Lean varieties of beef, veal, pork, lamb, rabbit, chicken, turkey Beef sausages, milk sausages, diet sausages	Sausages Smoked meats
Fish	Lean fish	Salty fish
Cereals and porridges	Cereals limited, within carbohydrate limits Porridges made from buckwheat, barley, oatmeal, pearl barley, wheat groats,	Semolina and rice cereals
Dairy	Kefir, milk, acidophilus Cottage cheese 9%, low-fat cottage cheese and dishes made from it Mild and low-fat cheese A little sour cream in dishes
Vegetables and greens	Potatoes within carbohydrate limits Cabbage, eggplant, cucumbers, bell peppers, green beans, turnips, radishes, zucchini, cauliflower, lettuce, spinach, pumpkin - unlimited Green peas, beets, carrots - limited
Fruits	Fruits and berries, sour and sweet and sour in any form Unsweetened compote, jelly, baked apples	Grape
Sweets		Sugar Ice cream
Beverages	Tea, coffee with milk, rose hip decoction, unsweetened compote, vegetable juices	Lemonade Sweet juices
Eggs	Eggs 1-2 pcs. per day, boiled or in dishes
Sauces and spices	Low-fat sauces based on vegetable broths, weak low-fat broths Bay leaf
Fats and oils	Unsalted butter Vegetable oils for dishes
Other	Vinaigrettes Vegetable caviar, squash Squid salads Jellied fish Lean beef jelly

Nutrition Features: dishes are served boiled, baked, steamed, fried - to a limited extent.

Table No. 10

Indications:

atherosclerosis with damage to the vessels of the heart, brain or other organs, high blood cholesterol;
cardiac ischemia;
arterial hypertension against the background of atherosclerosis.

Diet: 4-5 times a day

Appointment date: long

Products:

	Recommended	Exclude
Bread and pastries	Wheat bread made from 1st-2nd grade flour, peeled rye bread, grain bread Dry unsweetened cookies Baking without salt with cottage cheese, fish, meat, adding ground wheat bran, soy flour	Products made from butter and puff pastry
First meal		Meat, fish, mushroom broths, From legumes
Meat	Various types of lean meat and poultry, boiled and baked, in pieces and chopped.	Duck, goose, liver, kidneys, brains, sausages, smoked meats, canned food
Fish	Low-fat types, boiled, baked, in pieces and chopped. Seafood dishes (scallops, mussels, seaweed, etc.).	Fatty fish Salted and smoked fish, canned food, caviar
Cereals and porridges	Buckwheat, oatmeal, millet, barley, etc. - crumbly porridges, casseroles. Rice, semolina, pasta - limited
Dairy	Low-fat milk and fermented milk drinks, Low-fat cottage cheese, dishes made from it, Low-fat, lightly salted cheese;	Salty and fatty cheese, heavy cream, sour cream and cottage cheese
Vegetables and greens	Any except prohibited	Radish, radish, sorrel, spinach, mushrooms
Fruits	Raw fruits and berries, dried fruits, compotes, jellies, mousses, sambucas (semi-sweet or xylitol).	Grapes, raisins
Sweets	Sugar, honey, jam - limited	Chocolate, cream products, ice cream
Beverages	Weak tea with lemon, milk; weak natural coffee Coffee drinks Vegetable, fruit, berry juices Decoction of rose hips and wheat bran	Strong tea and coffee, cocoa
Eggs	Protein omelettes; soft-boiled eggs - up to 3 pieces per week. yolks - limited
Sauces and spices	With vegetable broth, seasoned with sour cream, milk, tomato, fruit and berry sauces Vanillin, cinnamon, citric acid. Limited - mayonnaise, horseradish	Meat, fish, mushroom sauces, pepper, mustard
Fats and oils	Butter and vegetable oils	Animal and cooking fats
Other	Soaked herring Diet sausage Lean ham	Fatty, spicy and salty foods, caviar

Table No. 11

Indications:

tuberculosis of the lungs, bones, lymph nodes, joints with a mild exacerbation or its attenuation, with low body weight;
exhaustion after infectious diseases, surgery, injuries.

Diet: 4-5 times a day

Appointment date: 1-2 months or more

Products:

	Recommended	Exclude
Bread and pastries	Wheat and rye bread Various baked goods (pies, cookies, biscuits, baked goods)
First meal	Any
Meat	Lean meat in any culinary preparation By-products Sausages, ham, sausages Canned food
Fish	Any fish Seafood Caviar, canned food
Cereals and porridges	Any cereals Pasta Legumes - well boiled, in the form of puree
Dairy
Vegetables and greens	Any, raw or cooked
Fruits	Most fruits and berries
Sweets	Most sweet dishes, honey	Cakes and pastries with lots of cream
Beverages	Any
Eggs	In any preparation
Sauces and spices	Red, meat, sour cream, milk and egg. Spices in moderation, but in a wide range. Horseradish, mustard, ketchup	Spicy and fatty sauces
Fats and oils	Vegetable oil, ghee, butter, soft (bulk) margarine, mayonnaise	Lamb, beef, cooking fats Hard margarines

Nutrition Features:

The diet has an increased energy value with high content proteins, minerals and vitamins.

Table No. 12

Indications:

functional diseases of the nervous system.

Diet: 5 times a day

Appointment date: 2-3 months

Products:

	Recommended	Exclude
Bread and pastries	Diet bread, day-old or dried Unsweetened biscuits and cookies
First meal	Vegetable (cabbage soup, borscht, beetroot soup), vegetarian with potatoes and cereals, fruit, dairy	Meat, fish, mushroom broths
Meat	Boiled lean meat (veal, beef, rabbit, turkey)	Fatty meats
Fish	Lean (perch, pike, cod) Seafood
Cereals and porridges	Any cereals
Dairy	Milk, cottage cheese, kefir, sour cream, low-fat cheese
Vegetables and greens	Any, except prohibited	Sorrel, radish, garlic and onions, radishes
Fruits	Dried fruits and fresh fruits
Sweets	Honey, candy without chocolate	Chocolate in any form
Beverages	Herbal teas, rosehip decoction, juices from vegetables and fruits	Strong black tea, coffee, cocoa Alcohol
Eggs	Only soft-boiled, no more than two per day
Sauces and spices	Tomato, onion (from boiled onions), sour cream, vegetable broth
Fats and oils	Vegetable oil, ghee	Animal fats
Other		Fatty, spicy and fried foods Smoked meats

Nutrition Features:

It is advisable to consume tongue, liver, legumes, and dairy products more often. Dishes are served in any form, except fried.

Table No. 13

Indications:

acute infectious diseases.

Diet: 5-6 times a day

Appointment date: a few days

Products:

	Recommended	Exclude
Bread and pastries	Wheat bread from premium and 1st grade flour, dried Dry unsweetened cookies	Rye and any fresh bread, butter dough
First meal	Weak low-fat meat and fish broths with egg flakes, quenelles Meat puree soup Mucous decoctions of cereals with broth; soups in broth or vegetable broth with boiled semolina, rice, oatmeal, noodles, and permitted vegetables in the form of puree	Fatty broths, cabbage soup, borscht, legume soups, millet
Meat	Lean meats without fat, fascia, tendons, or skin. In finely chopped form, boiled steam dishes Soufflé and puree from boiled meat; cutlets, steamed meatballs	Fatty varieties: duck, goose, lamb, pork. Sausages, canned food
Fish	Low-fat skinless types Boiled, steamed in the form of cutlets or in pieces	Fatty, salted, smoked fish Canned food
Cereals and porridges	Semolina, ground buckwheat, rice, rolled oats in the form of pureed, boiled semi-liquid and semi-viscous porridges in milk or broth Boiled vermicelli	Millet, pearl barley, barley, corn cereals Pasta
Dairy	Fermented milk drinks Fresh cottage cheese, curd paste, soufflé, pudding, steamed cheesecakes, Low-fat sour cream Grated cheese Milk and cream in dishes	Whole milk Fat sour cream
Vegetables and greens	Potatoes, carrots, beets, cauliflower in the form of puree, soufflé, steam pudding. Ripe tomatoes	White cabbage, radish, radish, onion, garlic, cucumbers, rutabaga, mushrooms
Fruits	Very ripe when raw Soft fruits and berries are sweet and sour, often pureed; baked apples Dried fruit puree Kissels, mousses, pureed compotes, sambucas, jelly Milk cream and jelly Meringues, snowballs with jelly	Fruits rich in fiber with rough skin
Sweets	Marmalade	Chocolate, cakes Jams
Beverages	Tea with lemon Tea and coffee are weak with milk. Diluted fruit, berry and vegetable juices Decoction of rosehip and wheat bran, fruit drinks	Cocoa
Eggs	Soft-boiled, steam, egg white omelettes	Hard-boiled and fried eggs
Sauces and spices	White sauce with meat broth and vegetable broth Milk, sour cream, vegetarian sweet and sour, Polish The flour for the sauce is dried	Spicy, fatty sauces Spices
Fats and oils	Butter Refined vegetable oil	Other fats
Other	Jellied from pureed meat, from fish Forshmak from soaked herring	Fatty and spicy snacks, smoked meats, canned food, vegetable salads

Table No. 14

Indications:

urolithiasis with phosphate stones and alkaline urine reaction.

Diet: 5 times a day

Duration of appointment: long

Products:

	Recommended	Exclude
Bread and pastries	Different kinds
First meal	On weak meat, fish, mushroom broth with cereals, noodles, legumes	Dairy, vegetable and fruit
Meat	Different kinds	Smoked meats
Fish	Different kinds Canned fish - limited	Salted, smoked fish
Cereals and porridges	Any in a variety of preparations in water, meat, vegetable broth.	Porridge with milk
Dairy	Only a little sour cream in dishes	Milk, fermented milk drinks, cottage cheese, cheese
Vegetables and greens	Green peas, pumpkin, mushrooms	Other vegetables and potatoes
Fruits	Sour varieties of apples, cranberries, lingonberries, compotes, jellies and jelly made from them.	Other fruits and berries
Sweets	Sugar, honey, confectionery, fruit ice	Sweet dishes with milk
Beverages	Weak tea and coffee without milk. Rosehip decoction, cranberry or lingonberry fruit drinks	Fruit, berry and vegetable juices
Eggs	In various preparations and dishes 1 egg per day
Sauces and spices	Non-spicy sauces based on meat, fish, and mushroom broths Spices in very limited quantities	Hot sauces, mustard, horseradish, pepper
Fats and oils	Creamy, cow's ghee and vegetable	Lard, cooking oil
Snacks	Various meat, fish, seafood Soaked herring, caviar	Vegetable salads, vinaigrettes, canned vegetables

Nutrition Features:

A nutritious diet with a limit on calcium-rich and alkalizing foods.

Table No. 15

Table No. 15 is indicated for diseases in which there is no need for therapeutic diets. This diet is physiologically complete, while spicy and hard-to-digest foods are excluded. You should consume 90 g of protein, 100 g of fat and 400 g of carbohydrates per day. You can eat almost all foods, except fatty poultry and meat, mustard, pepper and refractory fats of animal origin.

Indications:

diseases that do not require a special diet

Diet: 4 times a day

Appointment date: unlimited

Products:

	Recommended	Exclude
Bread and pastries	Wheat and rye bread, flour products
First meal	Borscht, cabbage soup, beetroot soup, rassolnik; dairy Vegetables and cereal soups on meat, fish broth, mushroom and vegetable broth Fruit
Meat and fish	Meat and fish dishes of various culinary preparations; sausages, sausages, boiled sausages	Fatty meats, duck, goose
Cereals and porridges	Any cereals Pasta
Dairy	Any
Vegetables, greens, fruits	Vegetables and fruits, raw and after heat treatment
Sweets	Any
Beverages	Fruit and vegetable juices, rosehip and wheat bran decoction Tea, coffee, cocoa
Eggs	Boiled eggs and in dishes
Sauces and spices	Any non-spicy	Pepper, mustard
Fats and oils	Butter, ghee, vegetable oils; Margarines - limited	Refractory animal fats

Indications for use

Diet No. 16 (table No. 16) is indicated for ulcers in children and adults, for chronic gastritis, gastroduodenitis (in the period of exacerbation or subsidence). This diet is also indicated after discontinuation of diet 1a, after abdominal surgery and tonsillectomy, with reflux esophagitis, after gastroduodenal bleeding.

Special purpose

Diet 16 is intended for those patients who are on semi-bed rest. With this regimen, the patient spends up to 50% of the daytime in a sitting position and can move around the ward and department. Diet No. 16 provides such a patient with physiological needs for protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, etc.

general characteristics

Patients who adhere to diet 16 should limit chemical and mechanical irritants and provocateurs of secretion in the gastrointestinal tract in their diet. The range of products and dishes coincides with that of diet 1a.

You can also include homogenized vegetables and fruits and crushed wheat crackers in your diet. You can eat meat and fish - cook steamed cutlets, meatballs, quenelles. Slimy soups must be replaced with pureed ones.

All food must be steamed, boiled until soft, boiled, pureed and pureed (brought to the consistency of puree). You should not eat food cooler than 15˚C or hotter than 62˚C. As with table No. 1a, food should be taken 6 times a day, which is called a fractional diet. For all types of gastroduodenal pathology, the diet is prescribed for a period of up to 10-14 days.

It is difficult to overestimate the impact on the well-being and health of children and adults - especially in modern conditions of massive use in industrially prepared food of quite toxic, and often simply harmful, prohibited dietary supplements, flavoring and coloring substances, including many.

For more details, see the sections:

Chapter:
CHILDREN'S FOOD
Food that heals
Children's treatment tables 1-16
Dietary recipes for children of early and preschool age

Dietary nutrition in the prevention of diseases in children

Products for children's diet

Children's therapeutic diets

TABLE No. 1 (1a, 1b, 1c) - peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, chronic gastritis with dyspeptic symptoms

TABLE No. 2 - postoperative patients; chronic gastritis with secretory insufficiency

TABLE No. 4 (4a, 4b, 4c) - acute gastroenterocolitis and exacerbation of chronic enterocolitis

TABLE No. 5 - diseases of the liver and biliary tract; bronchial asthma

TABLE No. 11 - tuberculosis of the lungs, bones, lymph nodes, joints

TABLE No. 16 - general, individual for children from 1 year to 3 years

TABLE for those suffering from skin diseases

Medicinal baby food. Children's menus

How to feed a child from 1 year to 3 years
Dish recipes
Menu for children from 1 year to 1.5 years
Menu for children from 1 year to 3 years

Menu for children from 1 year to 6 years
Preparing a children's diet

Dietary recipes for children of early and preschool age

Diet is one of the important treatment methods for many diseases, and for such as mild diabetes mellitus, nutritional obesity is the only one. In therapeutic nutrition, not only the correct selection of products is important, but also adherence to culinary processing technology, the temperature of the food consumed by the patient, the frequency and time of meals.

Exacerbations of many diseases are associated with various nutritional disorders: violations in the diet in diabetes mellitus lead to a sharp increase in blood sugar, dry mouth, increased thirst, fatty infiltration of the liver and pancreas progresses; chronic pancreatitis after eating fatty sour cream, pancakes, alcoholic beverages, fried foods; promotion blood pressure in patients suffering from hypertension, it is observed when eating salty foods, the treatment prescribed for this is not very effective.

All health care and health resort institutions use a numbered diet system. Many of them have several options, for example: N 1a, 16, N 7a, 76, 7b, 7d. Since these diets are found in hospitals and sanatoriums, we introduce you to them, keeping the numbering indicating the diseases for which they are prescribed.

If the exacerbation of the disease has passed and the patient has returned to an active lifestyle, general principles diets should not change: first of all, this applies to foods excluded from the diet, but you can expand the methods of culinary processing (stew, bake after boiling), and include home-canned vegetables. The lack of vitamins can be compensated for by ready-made pharmaceutical forms (hexavit, dekamevit, gentavit, etc.), rosehip decoction, and wheat bran. Alcoholic drinks are prohibited in all diets; in individual cases, the question of their use is decided by the attending physician.

When two diseases requiring dietary nutrition are combined in one patient, nutrition is prescribed in compliance with the principles of both diets. Thus, during an exacerbation of a peptic ulcer in a patient with diabetes mellitus, diet N1 is prescribed, but with the exclusion of all foods contraindicated in diabetes mellitus.

Diet No. 1, No. 1a, No. 1b- peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum
Diet No. 2- chronic gastritis, acute gastritis, enteritis and colitis, chronic diseases. enterocolitis
Diet No. 3- constipation
Diet No. 4, No. 4a, No. 4b, No. 4c- intestinal diseases with diarrhea
Diet No. 5, No. 5a- diseases of the liver and biliary tract
Diet No. 6- gout, urolithiasis with the formation of stones from salts uric acid
Diet No. 7, No. 7a, No. 7b- acute and chronic nephritis (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis)
Diet No. 8- obesity
Diet No. 9- diabetes
Diet No. 10- diseases of the cardiovascular system with circulatory failure
Diet No. 11- tuberculosis
Diet No. 12- functional diseases of the nervous system
Diet No. 13- acute infectious diseases
Diet No. 14- kidney stones with the passage of stones consisting predominantly of oxalates
Diet No. 15- various diseases that do not require special diets

Table 1

Table No. 1. Indicated for peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, for 6-12 months. after an exacerbation, as well as with gastritis with high acidity

Compound: pureed milk and vegetables (except cabbage), cereal mucous soups (but not meat or fish); vegetables in boiled chopped (puree) form or in the form of steam puddings; mashed porridge with butter, milk; boiled lean meat, boiled lean fish (cod, perch, pike), steamed meat and fish cutlets, boiled skinless chicken; creamy, olive, sunflower oil; milk, non-sour milk, cream, fresh low-fat, preferably pureed cottage cheese, non-sour sour cream; soft-boiled eggs or in the form of steam omelettes; white stale bread, white dry crackers; sweet varieties of berries and fruits, vegetable, fruit, berry juices, rosehip infusion, jelly, compotes of sweet berries, pureed fruits, sugar, jam, tea, cocoa - weak, with milk. As the general condition improves, food is given boiled, but not pureed. Table salt is limited to 8 g. Vitamins A, C, and group B are added. Food is often taken 5-6 times a day, chewing it well; Food that is too hot or too cold should be avoided.

Table No. 1a. Indicated for exacerbations of peptic ulcers, exacerbations of chronic gastritis with high acidity.

Compound: milk (4-5 glasses), mucous cereals, such as semolina, milk or wheat bran soups with butter; liquid, pureed, milk porridges; soft-boiled eggs (2-3 times a day) or in the form of steam omelettes; steam soufflés from lean varieties of fish and meat; unsalted butter (70-80 g per day) or olive oil (add to dishes), cream; berry, fruit (non-acidic) and milk jelly, carrot, fruit juices, rosehip decoction, weak tea with milk (sugar up to 50 g per day). Limit salt to 5-8 g (remember that 3-5 g of salt is contained in foods, 5-8 g in bread), free liquid no more than 1.5 liters. Additionally, vitamins A, C, group B (B1, B2, PP). Eating food during bed rest every 2-3 hours in liquid and semi-liquid form, warm form. If milk is poorly tolerated (swelling of the abdomen, diarrhea), it is recommended to give it in small quantities, diluting it with weak tea.

Table N 1b. Indicated for subsiding exacerbation of peptic ulcers and chronic gastritis with high acidity

Compound: in addition to the dishes listed above, steamed meat and fish dishes in the form of quenelles, steamed cutlets, pureed milk soups from rice, barley, pearl barley with pureed vegetables are allowed; mashed porridge with milk; wheat crackers up to 100 g. Salt is limited to 8 g, additionally - vitamins A, C, group B. Six meals a day in semi-liquid and puree form.

Table 2

Table No. 2. Indicated for chronic gastritis with low acidity or its absence, chronic colitis (not exacerbation).

Compound: soups from cereals and vegetables, pureed, in meat, mushroom, fish broths; lean meat (chopped, fried), boiled chicken, steamed, stewed, fried cutlets without a rough crust, lean ham, lean boiled fish, well-soaked lean chopped herring, black caviar; milk (if it does not cause diarrhea), butter, kefir, yogurt, cream, non-acidic sour cream, fresh non-sour cottage cheese, mild grated cheese; soft-boiled eggs, fried omelet; porridge, well boiled or pureed (buckwheat, semolina, rice); flour dishes (except for baked goods), stale white, gray bread, uneatable crackers; vegetables, fruits, boiled, raw, grated; fruit and vegetable juices (also sour); tea, coffee, cocoa with water and milk, marmalade, sugar. Table salt up to 12-15 g. Add vitamins C, B1, B2, PP. Meals are five times a day, mostly in puree form.

Table 3

Table No. 3. Indicated for atonic constipation.

Compound: foods rich in plant fiber, such as raw or boiled vegetables and fruits in large quantities, apple and other compotes, prunes, figs (wine berries), vegetable, fruit juices, beetroot, carrot puree, boiled dried fruit puree (prunes, dried apricots), black bread, curdled milk, milk, cream, one-day kefir, honey, buckwheat porridge, crumbled pearl barley, meat, fried fish, butter and vegetable oil, sugar. Drink plenty of fluids, including carbonated drinks mineral water. Excluded: strong tea, cocoa, slimy soups, jelly.

For spastic constipation associated with increased motor excitability of the intestines, foods rich in plant fiber are sharply limited (a few vegetables - boiled and raw pureed) are acceptable.

Table 4

Table No. 4. Indicated for acute intestinal diseases and exacerbations during the period of ongoing diarrhea.

Compound: strong tea, cocoa, strong coffee in water, stale white crackers, fresh pureed cottage cheese, one soft-boiled egg per day, slimy soups in water, pureed rice, semolina porridge in water, boiled meat, fish, steamed, chopped and added to minced meat rice instead of bread, low-fat three-day kefir, a decoction of dried black currants, blueberries, jelly, blueberry jelly. Limit table salt, add vitamins C, B1, B2, PP. Meals 5-6 times a day.

Table No. 4a. Indicated for colitis with a predominance of fermentation processes.

The composition is the same as in diet N4, but they sharply limit foods and dishes containing large amounts of carbohydrates (porridge; bread no more than 100 g per day; sugar no more than 20 g per day); increase the protein content through meat dishes, pureed cottage cheese, etc.

Table N 4b. Indicated for chronic colitis in the stage of fading exacerbation.

Compound: white bread, yesterday's baking, uneaten cookies, dry sponge cake; cereal soups in a weak fish or meat broth, broth with meatballs, pureed porridges, except millet, in water with the addition of 1/3 milk, boiled and steamed pureed vegetables, mild cheese, non-acidic sour cream, kefir, yogurt, compotes, sweet berry jelly , pureed fruit, tea, coffee with milk, creamy milk (for adding to ready-made dishes). Table salt 8-10 g. Add vitamins C, group B. Meals 4-6 times a day. Food is served warm.

Table N 4c. Indicated for acute intestinal diseases during the recovery period as a transition to a balanced diet; chronic intestinal diseases during the period of attenuation of exacerbation, as well as outside exacerbation with concomitant lesions of other digestive organs.

The diet is prescribed to provide adequate nutrition in case of some insufficiency of intestinal function, which will help restore the activity of other digestive organs. This is a physiologically complete diet with a slight increase in protein content and a moderate limitation of table salt, mechanical and chemical irritants of the intestines, excluding foods and dishes that increase fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines, sharply increase its secretory and motor functions, secretion of the stomach, pancreas, and bile secretion. Food is prepared uncut, steamed, boiled in water or baked. Diet: 5 times a day.

Chemical composition and energy value:
proteins - 100-120 g (60% animals),
fats - 100 g (15-20% vegetable),
carbohydrates - 400-420 g,
table salt - 10 g,
free liquid - 1.5 l.
Calorie content - 2900-3000 kcal.

Table 5

Table No. 5. Indicated for diseases of the liver, gall bladder, biliary tract beyond the acute stage.

Compound: vegetarian fruit, milk soups, cereal soups with vegetable broth, boiled meat, lean poultry, boiled lean fish, milk, fresh curdled milk, kefir, acidophilus milk, cottage cheese up to 200 g per day, porridge and flour dishes (except for baked goods), white bread, black stale bread, ripe fruits, berries (except sour varieties) raw, baked, boiled, vegetables and herbs, boiled and raw (especially carrots, beets), jam, honey, sugar (up to 70 g per day) , vegetable and fruit juices in significant quantities, weak tea with milk. Limit fats (cream, butter up to 10 g, vegetable oil 20-30 g), eggs (one per day). Table salt up to 10 g. Add vitamins A, C, B1, B2, B12, folic acid, PP, K.

Eat food 5 times a day in crushed form.

Excluded: alcoholic beverages, liver, brains, lard, legumes, mushrooms, spinach, sorrel, onions, baked goods, fatty meats, fish, fried, spicy, smoked products, meat extractives, fish, spices, vinegar, canned food, ice cream, cocoa, carbonated drinks, chocolate, creams (for chronic lesions of the gallbladder that occur with stagnation of bile, it is recommended to increase the amount of fat to 120-150 g, including 60% vegetable fats).

Table No. 5a. Indicated for chronic pancreatitis.

It differs from the N5 diet in its increased protein content (up to 150 g, of which 80-85% is of animal origin), foods rich in lipotropic factors with limited carbohydrates and moderate fat content. All dishes are prepared in steamed, pureed, crushed form.

Table 6

Table No. 6. Indicated for gout, kidney stones with the passage of stones consisting mainly of urates.

Compound: milk, dairy products, white and black bread, sugar, honey, vegetarian vegetable soups, dairy and fruit cereal products, all sweet fruits, jam, fruit and berry juices, carrots, lettuce, cucumbers. Seasonings include lemon, vinegar, bay leaf. Eggs, meat, lean fish - 2-3 times a week. The amount of table salt is reduced to 6-8 g; liquid is introduced in large quantities (up to 2-3 liters), vitamins C and B1 are added.

Excluded: spicy extractives, meat soups and decoctions, liver, kidneys, brains, fried, smoked meat, fried fish, fish soup, lard, herring, sardines, anchovies, sprats, sprat, pates, mushrooms, legumes, sorrel, spinach, coffee, cocoa, chocolate, alcoholic beverages .

Table 7

Table No. 7. Indicated for chronic kidney diseases with no symptoms of chronic renal failure.

Compound: vegetarian, dairy, fruit soups, lean meats, poultry, boiled in pieces, chopped and pureed, lean boiled fish, chopped and pureed, white, gray, bran bread, baked without salt, one egg per day, cereals, pasta in the form of porridges , puddings, flour dishes, milk, lactic acid products, fats, except refractory ones (lamb, pork, beef), cottage cheese, raw and boiled vegetables, greens (including radishes, celery, spinach), berries, fruits, especially apricots, dried apricots, pumpkin , watermelons, melon, sugar, honey, jam.

Limit cream and sour cream. To improve the taste, you can use cumin, dried dill, cinnamon, and citric acid. Table salt 3-5 g (distributed by hand, and food is prepared without salt). Vitamins A, C, B1, B12, K are added. Free liquid up to 800-1000 ml per day. Meals 6 times a day. Excluded: carbonated drinks, legumes, cakes and creams, meat, fish, mushroom broths, pickles, snacks, smoked meats, canned food.

Table No. 7a. Indicated for acute kidney diseases (acute nephritis or its exacerbations).

Compound: mainly boiled and pureed vegetables, fruits, especially rich in potassium salts (dried apricots, apricots, raisins), cereal and flour dishes in moderate quantities (buckwheat porridge with milk), tea with milk, salt-free white bread, sugar up to 70 g, butter creamy up to 30 g. Add vitamins C, K, group B. Meals are fractional. Liquids up to 600-800 ml; Table salt is completely excluded.

With developing uremia, the daily amount of protein is reduced to 20-25 g (first of all, the content of plant proteins should be reduced - legumes, cereals, flour products, such as bread, etc., since their biological value is inferior to animal proteins and only overloads the body with harmful products protein metabolism; glucose or sugar is prescribed in large quantities (up to 150 g per day).

Table N 7b. Indicated when acute inflammatory process in the kidneys subsides.

It is transitional from table N7a to table N7 (salt-free white bread, lean meats, boiled fish 1-3 times a week, table salt up to 2 g per hand, liquids up to 800-1000 ml; in products used for cooking contains 2-4 g of salt).

Table 8

Table No. 8. Obesity as a primary disease or concomitant with other diseases that do not require special diets.

General characteristics:- reducing the energy value of the diet due to carbohydrates, especially easily digestible ones, partially fats, with a normal protein content, - limiting free liquid, sodium chloride and appetite-stimulating foods and dishes.

(daily ration):
- proteins - 90-110 g
- fats - 80 g
- carbohydrates - 150 g
- energy value - 1700-1800 kcal

rye, protein-wheat and protein-bran bread (100-150 g per day);
vegetable soups with a small addition of cereals, cabbage soup, borscht, okroshka, beetroot soup;
2-3 times a week, soups in weak meat or fish broth with meatballs (up to 250-300g per serving);
lean varieties of meat, poultry, fish - boiled, baked or stewed, beef sausages or jelly;
seafood (pasta, mussels, shrimp, etc.) - up to 150-200 g per day;
milk and dairy products, cottage cheese, cheese - low-fat types and varieties.

Vegetables and fruits are used widely, in all forms, some of them always raw.

products made from premium and 1st grade wheat flour, butter dough;
potato, cereal, legume, pasta soups;
fatty meats, poultry, fish;
sausages, smoked meats, canned meat and fish;
fatty cottage cheese, cheeses, cream, rice, semolina and oatmeal, pasta, legumes, sweet varieties of fruits and berries;
sugar, confectionery, jam, honey, sweet juices, cocoa;
meat and cooking fats;
fatty and spicy snacks, sauces, mayonnaise, all herbs and spices.

Table 9

Table No. 9. Diabetes mellitus of moderate and mild severity.

General characteristics: - a diet with energy value, moderately reduced due to easily digestible carbohydrates and animal fats, with the exclusion of sugar and sweets and the use of sorbitol and xylitol.

Chemical composition and energy value(daily ration):
- proteins - 90-100 g
- fats - 75-80 g (30% vegetable)
- carbohydrates - 300-350 g (polysaccharides)
- energy value - 2300-2500 kcal

Recommended products and dishes:
rye, wheat, protein-bran bread, baked flour products;
any vegetable soups, low-fat meat and fish broths;
lean varieties of meat, poultry and fish;
milk, fermented milk products, low-fat cottage cheese and cheeses;
cereals, buckwheat, barley, millet, oatmeal, pearl barley; legumes, potatoes and vegetables;
fresh fruits and berries of sweet and sour varieties

Excluded foods and dishes:
pastry products;
strong and fatty broths;
lean meats, fish, poultry, sausages, salted fish;
salty cheeses, cream, sweet curd cheeses;
rice, semolina, pasta;
salted and pickled vegetables;
grapes, raisins, sugar, jam, sweets, sweet juices, sugar-based lemonades;
meat and cooking fats

Table 10

Table No. 10. Diseases of the cardiovascular system with circulatory failure, grades I-IIA.

General characteristics:- a slight decrease in energy value due to fats and carbohydrates, limitation of chloride and substances that excite the cardiovascular and nervous systems.

Chemical composition and energy value(daily ration):
- proteins - 90 g (55-60% animals)
- fats - 70 g (25-30% vegetable)
- carbohydrates - 350-400 g
- energy value 2500-2600 kcal

Recommended products and dishes:
day-old bread, soft cookies and biscuits;
any vegetarian soups;
lean varieties of meat, fish, poultry;
milk, fermented milk drinks and cottage cheese;
dishes from various cereals; boiled pasta;
boiled and baked vegetables;
soft ripe fruits and berries, honey, jam.
Excluded foods and dishes:
fresh bread, pastry products;
legume soups, meat, fish and mushroom broths;
fatty meats, fish, poultry;
kidneys, smoked meats, sausages;
salted fish, salty and fatty cheeses;
legumes;
salted, pickled and pickled vegetables; fruits with coarse fiber;
chocolate, strong tea, coffee and cocoa.

Table 11

Table No. 11. Tuberculosis of the lungs, bones, lymph nodes, joints with mild exacerbation or attenuation, exhaustion after infectious diseases, operations, injuries.

General characteristics:
- a diet of increased energy value with a predominant increase in proteins, especially dairy, vitamins and minerals

Chemical composition and energy value(daily ration):
- proteins - 110-130 g (60% animals)
- fats - 100-120 g
- carbohydrates - 400-450 g
- energy value - 3000-3400 kcal

Recommended and excluded foods and dishes:
Almost any food products and dishes are used, with the exception of very fatty meats and poultry, lamb, beef and cooking fats, as well as cakes and pastries with a lot of cream

Table 12

Table No. 12. Indicated for functional diseases of the nervous system.

The table is varied; spicy seasonings, strong rich soups, smoked meats, fatty, fried dishes, especially meat, which have a stimulating effect on the nervous system, alcohol, strong tea, coffee are excluded; meat and salt are somewhat limited. Recommended dishes from the liver, tongue, dairy products and legumes containing phosphorus salts.

Table 13

Table No. 13. Indicated for acute infectious diseases.

General characteristics:- a diet with energy value, reduced to a large extent due to fats and carbohydrates, with a high content of vitamins

Chemical composition and energy value(daily diet): - proteins - 75-80 g (60-70% animals) - fats - 60-70 g - carbohydrates - 300-350 g - energy value - 2200-2300 kcal

Recommended products and dishes:
dried wheat bread;
low-fat meat and fish broths, vegetable broth soups, mucous cereal broths;
lean varieties of meat, poultry, fish;
lactic acid drinks, cottage cheese;
pureed porridges made from rice, semolina and buckwheat;
potatoes, carrots, beets, cauliflower, ripe tomatoes;
ripe soft fruits and berries, rosehip decoction; sugar, honey, jam, jam, marmalade.

Excluded foods and dishes:
rye and any fresh bread, baked goods;
fatty broths, cabbage soup, borscht;
fatty meats, poultry, fish, sausage, smoked meats, salted fish, canned food;
whole milk and cream, fat sour cream, cheeses;
millet, pearl barley and barley cereals, pasta;
white cabbage, radishes, radishes, onions, garlic, cucumbers, legumes;
fruits rich in fiber;
chocolate, cakes, cocoa.

Table 14

Table no. 14. Urolithiasis disease(phosphaturia).

General characteristics:- physiologically complete nutrition with limitation of alkalizing and calcium-rich foods

Chemical composition and energy value(daily diet): - proteins - 90 g - fats - 100 g - carbohydrates - 400 g - energy value - 2800 kcal

Recommended products and dishes:
various types of bread and flour products;
soups and broths (meat, fish, cereals);
meat and fish;
any cereals;
green peas, pumpkin;
mushrooms;
sour varieties of apples and berries
sugar, honey, confectionery

Excluded foods and dishes:
dairy, vegetable, fruit soups;
smoked meats, salted fish;
dairy products;
potatoes, vegetables and fruits, except those mentioned above, fruit, berry and vegetable juices;
meat and cooking fats.

Table 15

Table No. 15. Various diseases that do not require special therapeutic diets.

General characteristics:
- physiologically complete nutrition with the exception of indigestible and spicy foods.

Chemical composition and energy value(daily ration):
- proteins - 90-95 g
- fats - 100-105 g
- carbohydrates - 400 g
- energy value - 2800-2900 kcal

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NEW MESSAGES:

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The essence of diet No. 9

This nutritional system has a 9a variety, which is prescribed to patients with diabetes and 2-3rd degree obesity. Both variations are well balanced. This diet can be followed for a long time without risk to health. The amount of harmful foods and carbohydrates is minimized, the effect of diet 9 according to Pevzner is aimed at improving the well-being of patients, normalizing metabolism and stabilizing blood sugar levels.

Purpose and indications for the diet

The purpose of diet table number 9: normalization of carbohydrate metabolism, correction of fat and water-electrolyte metabolism, stabilization of blood sugar levels.

Table 9 is often prescribed in the following cases:

Diabetes mellitus of moderate and mild severity, subject to the appointment of minimal doses of insulin (0-30 units per day).
Slightly overweight.
Infectious joint damage, rheumatism.
Bronchial asthma.
Diathesis, allergies.

General characteristics of treatment table No. 9

The calorie content of the diet is 2300-2500 kcal per day. The chemical composition of table No. 9 is as follows:

300-350 g carbohydrates.
90-100 g of proteins (at least 55% animal origin).
75-80 g fats (up to 30% vegetable).
Up to 12 g salt.
At least 1.5 liters clean water daily.

Power system features:

You can eat 5-6 times a day, evenly distributing the amount of carbohydrates.
Instead of sugar, use substitutes (xylitol, stevia, saccharin, sorbitol, etc.) - their calorie content should also be taken into account when preparing the diet.
The total weight of consumed products is no more than 3 kilograms per day.
The temperature is normal.
It is preferable to boil, steam or bake food. On rare occasions, there are fried and stewed foods.
The amount of dietary fiber, lipotropic substances and vitamins increases. The consumption of refractory fats and carbohydrates is limited, the amount of cholesterol, table salt, and extractives is moderately limited.

Diet products and dishes

What you can eat during the diet, see the table:

Product group	Allowed list	It is recommended to limit
Flour products and bread	Bread made from 2nd grade flour, rye, protein-bran	Inconvenient flour products
Meat and fish	Lean meats (veal, chicken, turkey, rabbit). Fish (hake, pollock, pike, perch, etc.)	By-products, canned fish in tomato and own juice, dietary sausage and frankfurters
Eggs	1-2 per day, preferably white omelettes	Scrambled eggs
Dairy	Fermented milk drinks and milk, low-fat and half-fat cottage cheese, unsalted cheeses	Sour cream
Cereals, legumes, pasta		Legumes, buckwheat, wheat, barley, millet, pearl barley, oatmeal
Fats	Vegetable oil (linseed, sunflower, olive and corn)	Butter and ghee
Vegetables	Zucchini, squash, pumpkin, lettuce, cucumbers, greens, cabbage	Potatoes, carrots, green peas, beets
First meal	Cabbage soup, rich broths, vegetable soups, borscht, okroshka	Beetroot soup, potato soup
Fruits, berries, goodies	Fresh fruits and berries, jellies and mousses with sugar substitute	Honey
Sauces and spices	Tomato, vegetable sauce, herbs, sauces based on non-rich broths	Mustard, horseradish, pepper
Beverages	Coffee and tea with milk, vegetable juices, rosehip decoction (2 tablespoons of berries per liter of water, let steep for 30 minutes.	Juices from unsweetened berries and fruits

What not to eat while dieting:

Product group	List of prohibited
Flour products and bread	Puff pastries, pastries
Meat and fish	Fatty meats and poultry, canned food, most sausages, smoked meats, salted fish, caviar
Dairy	Sweet cheeses, cream, salty cheeses
Cereals, legumes, pasta	Semolina, rice, pasta
Fats	Cooking and refractory fats
Vegetables	Pickles, marinades
First meal	Rich broths, milk soups
Fruits, berries, goodies	Most dried fruits, jam, sugar, confectionery
Sauces and spices	Mayonnaise, store-bought sauces (fatty, salty and spicy)
Beverages	Sweet lemonades and juices

Nutritionist advice. When choosing foods with their ability to increase blood glucose, you need to use the glycemic index (GI). GI indicators according to different authors are somewhat different, which is due to the fact that the same product grown under different conditions may contain different amounts of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Culinary processing, the fiber content in it, as well as the characteristics of the dish’s consumption are also important. With a mixed diet, when several products with different GIs are used, the concentration of glucose in the blood increases more slowly compared to consuming a single product. Patients with diabetes are advised not only to reduce the amount of high GI foods, but also to consume them in combination with or after low GI foods. It is recommended to consume foods whose GI does not exceed 50. Among cereals, preference should be given to unpolished whole grains.

Indicative menu for the week

Menu for the week for diet 9

Day of the week	Approximate diet
Mon	Breakfast (09:00): buckwheat porridge with milk (250 g). Second breakfast (11:00): low-fat cottage cheese (100 g). Lunch (13:00): cabbage soup (200 g), boiled chicken (120 g). Afternoon snack (16:00): orange. Dinner (19:00): stewed cabbage (120 g), boiled fish (100 g). Before bed: a glass of kefir
W	Breakfast (09:00): oatmeal with apple (250 g). Second breakfast (11:00): fruit jelly (100 g). Lunch (13:00): pickle soup (200 g), boiled veal (120 g). Afternoon snack (16:00): apple. Dinner (19:00): mashed potatoes (120 g), steamed cutlet (100 g). Before bed: a glass of yogurt
Wed	Breakfast (09:00): protein omelet (180 g), tomato. Second breakfast (11:00): apple. Lunch (13:00): vegetable soup (200 g), pilaf (120 g). Afternoon snack (16:00): berry mousse (120 g). Dinner (19:00): boiled pollock (120 g), carrot salad (100 g). Before bed: a glass of kefir
Thu	Breakfast (09:00): cottage cheese casserole (200 g). Second breakfast (11:00): grapefruit. Lunch (13:00): lean borscht (200 g), stewed meat (120 g). Afternoon snack (16:00): rosehip decoction (200 g), biscuits (30 g). Dinner (19:00): meat with vegetables (250 g). Before bed: a glass of yogurt
Fri	Breakfast (09:00): barley porridge with milk (200 g), apple. Second breakfast (11:00): yogurt with blueberries (80 g). Lunch (13:00): mushroom puree soup (200 g), zucchini puree (80 g), boiled veal (80 g). Afternoon snack (16:00): rosehip decoction (200 g), sandwich with cheese (50 g). Dinner (19:00): cabbage schnitzel (150 g), veal steak (100 g). Before bed: a glass of kefir
Sat	Breakfast (09:00): oatmeal with berries (200 g). Second breakfast (11:00): cottage cheese (100 g). Lunch (13:00): pea soup (200 g), boiled meat (120 g). Afternoon snack (16:00): vegetable juice (200 g), crackers (30 g). Dinner (19:00): soft-boiled egg, vegetable salad (200 g). Before bed: a glass of milk
Sun	Breakfast (09:00): cottage cheese with fruit (180 g). Second breakfast (11:00): bread with doctor’s sausage (50 g). Lunch (13:00): vegetable soup (200 g), chicken soufflé (120 g). Afternoon snack (16:00): fruit salad (150 g). Dinner (19:00): boiled fish (100 g), vegetable stew(140 g). Before bed: a glass of yogurt

Healthy recipes

Diet cutlets. To prepare you will need 200 g of lean meat, 30 g of rye bread, 10 g butter, small onion, 40 ml low-fat milk, salt, seasonings.

Cooking process:

Rinse the meat, remove tendons and pass through a meat grinder.
Soak the bread in milk.
Finely chop the onion and add to the minced meat.
Salt and pepper to taste.
Form into small patties and place on a greased baking sheet.
Cook for 20 minutes in the oven at 180 degrees Celsius.

Pollock in Tatar style. To prepare you will need 200 g of lean fish fillet, a quarter of a lemon, 30 g of low-fat sour cream, olives, herbs, olive oil.

Cooking process:

Add 20 ml to the baking dish olive oil, lay out the pieces of fish.
Drizzle fillet lemon juice.
Place in the oven preheated to 170 degrees Celsius for 5 minutes.
Then add sour cream, olives, zest, salt and simmer for another 20 minutes.
Before serving, add finely chopped herbs.

Diet pudding. The following ingredients will be required: 200 g of zucchini, 100 g of apples, 30 ml of milk, 4 tbsp. l. rye flour, egg, tbsp. l. butter, 40 g low-fat sour cream.

Cooking process: