Consultation for parents on the topic: “Hyperactive children. Causes, signs, features. Consultation for parents: “The child is active or hyperactive” Consultation for parents in preschool hyperactive child

Hyperactivity is not a behavioral problem, not the result of poor upbringing, but a medical-neuropsychological diagnosis that can only be made based on the results of special diagnostics and requires complex correction: psychological, medical and pedagogical (from 5 to 10 years).

Hyperactivity progresses to impulsivity and persists into adulthood. This is the work of brain structures, it cannot be changed, but you can adapt by knowing the signs of hyperactivity and working with hyperactive children. To make a diagnosis, it is necessary to observe for 6 months, but you live with children and can note to yourself whether your child is hyperactive.

Diagnostic criteria for hyperactivity:

Moves hands, feet, spins, spins, knocks.
Gets up from his seat in class without asking.
Aimless activity.
Cannot play calmly and quietly.
Is in constant motion.
Constantly chatty.
Impulsive - answers questions without listening to them.
Has difficulty waiting his turn in various situations.
Often interferes with others, pesters others, interferes in conversations or games of other children.

1. Changing the behavior of an adult and his attitude towards the child:

– show firmness and consistency in education;

– remember that a child’s actions are not always intentional;

– control the child’s behavior without imposing strict rules;

– do not give the child reactive instructions, avoid words “no”, “no” (for example: “Stop it now, stop it!”);

– avoid, on the one hand, excessive softness, and on the other hand, excessive demands on the child;

– react to your child’s actions in unexpected ways

(for example: make a joke, repeat the child’s actions, take a photo of him, leave him alone in the room);

Repeat your request calmly, in the same words, without changing the phrase many times;

- do not insist that the child must apologize for the action (you can say for it, for example: “Do you want to apologize for your action?”);

Listen to the end of what the child has to say

(contact is necessary, the child needs to be listened to);

2. Changes in the psychological climate in the family:

– give your child enough time;

– spend leisure time with your family;

– do not allow quarrels in the presence of children.

3. Organization of the daily routine:

– establish a firm daily routine for the child and family members;

– protect your child from prolonged use of the computer; (norm 10 -15 minutes per day);

– If possible, avoid large crowds of people.

4. Special behavioral program:

Come up with a flexible system of rewards for good behavior and punishments for bad behavior (you can use sign system, for example - tokens, chips, medals, etc. – accumulation of a certain amount of them and their reflection in some form);

– do not resort to physical punishment! It is advisable to use a quiet sitting (in a corner, on a penalty chair, in a certain limited place);

– praise the child more often, because children are very sensitive to praise and encouragement;

– develop in your child the skills to manage his own emotional state, especially anger, aggression (offer to beat a pillow, a soft sports bag);

– gradually expand your horizons of responsibilities, having previously discussed them with your child;

– do not allow the task to be postponed until another time;

– do not try to prevent the consequences of a child’s forgetfulness;

– do not give your child instructions that do not correspond to his level of development, age and abilities;

– do not give your child several instructions or tasks at the same time.

Remember that persuasive speeches with hyperactive children are wasted time.

Most effective remedy– this is a conviction through the “body” (don’t watch TV, don’t play on the computer, deprive yourself of pleasure, delicacies).

– if a child has abandoned his thing and cannot find it, you should not rush to his aid. Let him search. Next time he will treat his things more responsibly;

– evaluate the child’s actions separately, and not his personality;

- let the child understand that responsibility for the action lies with him.

Teacher speech therapist

Fomenkova Irina Alekseevna

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Recently, more and more parents are faced with the term “hyperactivity”. They have to hear this word from teachers in kindergarten, child neurologists, teachers, psychologists and even random passers-by observing the child’s behavior. Very often, such a “label” is hung indiscriminately on any child who is simply active. Let's figure out together what exactly is meant by this “diagnosis” - hyperactivity.

Most psychologists identify the following signs of hyperactivity:

The child is in constant motion, it is extremely difficult for him to control himself, that is, even if the baby is tired, he continues to move, and when completely exhausted, he cries and becomes hysterical.
Such a baby is characterized by sudden mood swings. He often throws himself on the floor, he has a so-called “dry” hysteria - only screaming, no tears. It is almost impossible to calm the child at this moment.
The child speaks quickly and a lot, swallows words, interrupts, and does not listen to the end. Asks a million questions, but rarely listens to answers to them, often runs away or gets distracted.
Often does not respond to an adult’s appeal, although he hears it.
It is difficult for a child to complete the work he has started, even if he is interested in it.
It is impossible to put the child to bed on time, and if the baby does fall asleep, he sleeps in fits and starts, restlessly, often waking up screaming in the middle of sleep.
Hyperactive children often have intestinal disorders (constipation or diarrhea). All kinds of allergies are not uncommon.
The main complaint of parents of such children is that the child is uncontrollable and does not react at all to prohibitions and restrictions. And in any conditions (home, store, kindergarten, playground) he behaves equally actively.
A hyperactive child often provokes conflicts. He does not control his aggression - he fights, bites, pushes, and uses improvised means: sticks, stones, and other dangerous objects.
A hyperactive child is characterized by the following general features: inattention, hyperactivity (verbal, motor, mental) and impulsiveness.

If 8 of the listed points appear before the age of 7 years, consultation with a specialist is required. You must first consult with a psychologist, and then contact a neurologist. It is important not to confuse the manifestation of hyperactivity with various organic diseases, as well as with the temperament of a choleric person.

When interacting with hyperactive children, parents usually experience many difficulties.

Some try to deal with the child’s “disobedience” with harsh measures, strengthen disciplinary methods of influence, increase workloads, severely punish for the slightest offense, and introduce a strict system of prohibitions.

Others, tired of the endless struggle with the child, give up, try not to pay attention to his behavior and give him complete freedom of action, thereby depriving the child of the necessary support.

Still others, hearing incessant reproaches and remarks about their child in kindergarten, at school, and in other public places, begin to blame themselves for being like this, to the point of despair and depression (which, in turn, negatively affects sensitive child).

However, in all of the above cases, parents are unable to develop a consistent optimal line of behavior in their relationship with the child, so their actions are not very effective.

The main mistakes adults make when raising a hyperactive child are:

Lack of emotional attention, replaced by physiological care.
Lack of firmness and parenting control.
Inability to develop anger management skills, since most often they themselves do not possess this skill.

What to do?

It is necessary to communicate with a hyperactive child gently and calmly. If an adult carries out an educational task with such a child, it is advisable to avoid shouting and orders, as well as enthusiastic intonations and an emotionally upbeat tone.
A hyperactive child, being very sensitive and receptive, is likely to quickly join the mood of an adult.
Parental emotions will overwhelm him and become an obstacle to effective action.
Maintaining a clear daily routine at home is another of the most important conditions for productive interaction with a hyperactive child.
Meals, walks, and homework must be done at the same time as usual for the child.
To prevent overexcitation, the child must go to bed at a strictly defined time, and the duration of sleep must be sufficient to restore strength (in each case, the parents determine this duration themselves, based on the child’s condition).
If possible, it is necessary to protect a hyperactive child from prolonged use of the computer and from watching television programs, especially those that contribute to emotional arousal.
A hyperactive child can benefit from quiet walks before bedtime, during which parents have the opportunity to talk frankly with the child in private and learn about his problems. A Fresh air and a measured step will help the child calm down.
Parents of hyperactive children need, first of all, to focus their efforts on smoothing out tension and giving the child the opportunity to fulfill his needs.

As a rule, a child shows signs of hyperactivity to a much lesser extent when left alone with an adult, especially when good emotional contact has been established between them.

When these children are given attention, listened to, and begin to feel that they are being taken seriously, they are able to somehow minimize the symptoms of their hyperactivity.

Invaluable help is provided to a hyperactive child relaxation exercises and exercises on body contact, massage is very useful. They help the child become more aware of his body and also control his physical activity.

And most importantly, hyperactive children especially need confidence in unconditional parental love and acceptance.

It is vital for a child to know and feel that mom and dad love him for who he is, regardless of his behavior and actions. They love simply because He is in their life.

Talk to your children about this often!

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a problem that requires timely diagnosis, as well as psychological and pedagogical correction.

Hyperactivity can be diagnosed starting at the age of 5-7 years. It is during this period that the implementation should begin. correctional work. With age, the child may show signs of increased motor activity, but attention deficit and impulsivity can develop into adult life.

It is very difficult for hyperactive children to sit in one place; they fuss a lot, move, spin, speak loudly, and disturb others. Such a child often does not complete a task because he cannot concentrate on one thing, is constantly distracted and switches to other tasks. He asks a lot of questions and is not even able to wait for answers to them. He often finds himself in dangerous situations because he does not think about the consequences.

Recommendations for parents on correcting the behavior of a hyperactive child:

1. Determine acceptable limits of behavior. The child must clearly understand what is possible and what is not. Consistency is also important. If today a child can’t have chocolate at night, that means he can’t have it tomorrow, and in the following days too.

2. It should be remembered that the actions of a hyperactive child are not always intentional.

3. Do not go to extremes: you should not allow excessive permissiveness, but you should not demand the completion of impossible tasks.

4. Strictly demand compliance with the rules that relate to the child’s health and safety. Just don’t overdo it; if there are too many rules, a hyperactive child will not be able to remember them.

5. When showing persistence in fulfilling demands, do it in a neutral tone, using the same words, restrained, calm, automatically. Try not to speak more than 10 words.

6. Reinforce verbal demands with a visual example of how to do it correctly.

7. You should not demand from your child simultaneous accuracy, attentiveness and perseverance.

8. Don't insist on a mandatory apology for wrongdoing.

9. React to your child’s misbehavior in an unexpected way: repeat the child’s actions, take a photo of him, joke, leave him alone (just not in a dark place).

10. Stick to a daily routine. Meals, walks, games and other activities should follow the same schedule. A hyperactive child cannot be excluded from fulfilling the usual demands of other children; he must be able to cope with them.

11. Don't let your child take on a new task until he has completed the first one.

12. Tell your child in advance the time frame for his play activity and set an alarm. When the timer, rather than the parent, reminds about the expiration of time, the child’s aggressiveness is lower.

13. Do not allow your child to spend a long time in front of the computer or TV, especially if he watches programs with aggressive and negative content.

14. Try to provide your child with long walks in the fresh air every day.

15. For hyperactive children, physical activities such as boxing and power wrestling are undesirable.

16. It is more effective to convince a child through physical rewards: praise the child by hugging him.

17. There should be fewer punishments than rewards.

18. Also reward your child for what he or she is already good at with a smile or touch.

19. Encouragement may consist of providing opportunities to do things that the child is interested in.

20. Remember that reprimands have a stronger effect on hyperactive children than on other children.

21. Do not resort to assault. If there is a need for punishment, then for a hyperactive child the punishment will be the cessation of his vigorous activity, forced isolation and house arrest.

22. As a punishment, there may be a ban on: watching TV, playing on the computer, telephone conversations.

23. After punishment, have a conversation with your child. He must realize and remember why he was punished and what behavior is not encouraged.

24. The child should have his own household responsibilities, like the rest of the family. For example, tidy the bed, organize toys, put clothes in their places. Important! Parents should not perform these responsibilities for their child.

25. Make sure your child gets enough sleep. Lack of sleep leads to an even greater weakening of attention and self-control. By evening, the child may become completely uncontrollable.

26. The child should not be constantly in an excited state. You should alternate between active and quiet activities. If a child played with children on the street for two hours, he should not immediately watch cartoons about superheroes, and then in the evening invite his friends home to play hide and seek.

27. Try to avoid large crowds of people. Shopping centers and markets, where crowds of people walk, unnecessarily excite the child.

28. Instill in your child an interest in any activity. It is important for a hyperactive child to feel capable of something.

29. Hug your child more often. Experts say that for mental well-being, every person, especially a child, needs at least 4 hugs a day.

30. In the evening, for better relaxation and calm, it is good for the child to massage and read fairy tales.

31. A positive psychological climate in a family is important. Support, a calm and kind attitude towards the child and between family members is the basis for the child’s future achievements.

32. Don't quarrel in front of your child.

33. Spend time together as a family more often.

Hyperactivity in children is a combination of symptoms associated with excessive mental and motor activity. It is difficult to draw clear boundaries for this syndrome, but, as a rule, it is diagnosed in children who are impulsive and inattentive. Such children are often distracted. They are easy to make happy or sad. They are often characterized by aggressiveness. As a result of these personal characteristics, hyperactive children have difficulty concentrating on specific tasks.

The cause of hyperactivity may also be the pathology of the mother's pregnancy, difficult childbirth, and the like. This diagnosis is made when parents and teachers complain that the child is excessively active, restless and poorly behaves or studies, and cannot concentrate his attention on one thing for a minute. However, there is no precise definition of this condition or a specific test that would simultaneously confirm the diagnosis of hyperactivity. The overwhelming number of parents note that the beginning of such behavior is laid in early age. This condition is accompanied by sleep disturbance. When a child is very tired, hyperactivity deepens.

Most often, according to psychologists, hyperactivity manifests itself in children in adolescence. In recent years, there have been more hyperactive children.

Teachers often complain to parents about the child’s hyperactivity, citing the fact that they see a naughty student only a few hours a day, therefore, his upbringing should be done at home. Parents, in turn, believe that teachers should raise such a child.

What should parents of a hyperactive child do?

Psychologists advise loading it as much as possible in the morning. It is worth creating a routine and, in accordance with it, giving the child clear and specific tasks. The best outlet for excess energy for such a child may be exercise stress, in particular swimming and running. In classes, a hyperactive child should be given specific tasks, preferably individual ones. It is also necessary to demand that the child complete the task to the end.

The helplessness of children is the fault of the parents. The desire of parents to surround the child with increased attention, to protect him even in the absence of a real threat, to keep him with them often leads to the deprivation of the child’s ability to overcome difficulties on his own.

As a result of overprotection, the child loses the ability to mobilize his energy, and in difficult situations he waits for help from adults, especially parents. The phenomenon of overprotection most often occurs in families where one child grows up. Increased care from family members, especially the older generation, gives rise to children's fears. They manifest themselves most clearly in the first grade, especially if the child did not attend kindergarten but was raised at home, unlike children who attended kindergarten. Children who were raised in kindergarten adapt better to school life and independent life in general.

The problem of overprotection is becoming increasingly relevant in the present, since most young families, due to their difficult financial situation, can only afford one child. At the same time, parents, as a rule, are busy making money and cannot pay enough attention to the child. But at this time, grandparents are trying to catch up with their children. With the advent of a second child in the family, the attention of adults is evenly distributed to both children, so manifestations of overprotection are less likely.

Often, trying to protect the child from overload, parents of older preschoolers and younger schoolchildren try to do for them tasks learned in kindergarten or at school. The result is that the child is not able to cope with tasks independently in kindergarten or at school.

Increased attention from grandparents and parents leads to the fact that in a group such a child requires constant attention from the teacher, and in his absence he feels unhappy and does not have time to complete tasks with others. Subsequently, in high school students, overprotection turns into the inability to perform exercises independently and leads to infantilism (childishness).

You can combat the consequences of overprotection by gradually teaching your child to be independent. If a child has communication difficulties, you can arrange role-playing games with his participation, as well as model and play out various life situations with her. Do not neglect the help of a child psychologist.

Which line of education should I choose?

The problems of raising children in a family are an eternal, but still unresolved topic. Born in a family, this question occupies the minds of scientists - teachers, psychologists, causing controversy and disagreement. Everyday battles escalate into scientific conferences. Strictness or softness? Authoritarianism or connivance? And children continue to be at a loss about how to behave in order to be good in the eyes of their parents, and what to expect next from these incomprehensible adults? Let's see how scientific advances can help in solving such problems. In pedagogy, it is customary to distinguish four types of parenting: dictate, overprotection, non-interference and cooperation. Each of them has its own results, its own consequences when it comes to the formation of a child’s personality.

Diktat- this is the systematic suppression by some family members (mainly adults or children imitating them) of the initiative and self-esteem of other family members. The result of parents' adherence to such pedagogical tactics most often is the development of a strong reaction of resistance in the child, if he is inclined to be a leader by nature. Or the result of this educational process there appears to be increased anxiety, suspiciousness, a tendency to fear and self-doubt if the seeds of dictate lie on the ground of the child’s vulnerable, unstable personality. Hyperprotection is a system of relationships in a family in which parents, while ensuring through their work that all the child’s needs are met, protect him from any worries, efforts and difficulties, taking them upon himself. The result in this case is easily predictable - an emotionally immature, capricious, egocentric, demanding personality is formed, adapted to life. On the other hand, overprotection can contribute to the development of hypochondriacal tendencies in a child. Twitched since childhood by excessive care, the child himself begins to feel powerless in any situation that requires him to act or make a decision. It also happens, on the contrary, that during the transition to adolescence, the child feels the need to get rid of excessive care, which ultimately leads to rebellion, vivid manifestations of emancipation, and protest behavior.

Non-interference- this is a system of relationships in the family, built on the recognition of the expediency of the independent existence of adults and children. The child is left to his own devices. Parents who rely on this style of education believe that it promotes the development of independence, responsibility, and contributes to the accumulation of experience. When making mistakes, the child is forced to analyze and correct them himself. But this method carries the risk of developing emotional alienation in the child, including from his parents. Not cared for in childhood, not receiving the necessary share of parental care, such a child feels very lonely, distrustful, and often overly suspicious. It is difficult for him to entrust any business to other people. He tries to do everything himself.

Cooperation is a way of building relationships in a family, the main principle of which is to unite the family with common goals and objectives, common activities, and mutual support in all areas, including emotional ones. The starting point in education in this case is the word “we”. The child has enough independence, but there is always an adult nearby, ready to help in time, support, explain, calm. Members of such families are united by common values, family traditions, spontaneous holidays, emotional need for each other, and joint activities.

Recently, more and more parents are faced with the term “hyperactivity”. They hear this word from kindergarten teachers, child neurologists, teachers, psychologists, and even random passersby observing the child’s behavior. Very often, such a “label” is hung indiscriminately on any child who is simply active. Let's figure out together what exactly is meant by this “diagnosis” - hyperactivity.