Not everyone has psychology in mind. Interesting facts about human psychology. You didn't know this about yourself! Dental monitoring

Your response to an arrogant person is a reflection of your integrity, your ability to stand up for yourself.

You'll definitely recognize them when you see them. It's arrogant people with arrogant attitudes towards others that can easily ruin your day, unless of course you are armed with one or more of these 9 answers.

An arrogant person is somehow sure that he is somehow superior to you, although, in fact, we are all equal people, and the difference between us is quite insignificant. How you react to these people when you encounter them can affect your mood. Your response to an arrogant person is a reflection of your integrity, your ability to stand up for yourself.

9 phrases that will put an arrogant person in his place

Arrogant people share personality traits with people suffering from narcissistic personality disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, used for diagnosis psychological problems:

– They believe that they are special and unique, so they can only be understood by people with a special or high status, with whom they should only communicate.

They require excessive admiration for their personality.

– They have an unreasonable belief that everything should happen exactly as they wish or assume.

– Carry out interpersonal exploitation, that is, they use others to achieve their own goals.

– They lack empathy: that is, they are unable to recognize or identify the feelings and needs of other people.

– Show arrogance through arrogant behavior or attitude.

1. - What makes you think so?

This phrase is intended to help an arrogant person understand that he is in captivity of stereotypes, that he is simply generalizing everything, as a result of which he will stop speaking in such a way. We hope that such people can realize that they are saying bad things. And after this is pointed out to them, they will stop expressing such thoughts.

2. - Oh-oh-oh!

If they hurt someone's feelings, whether they are yours or someone else's, call it like you see it. We are talking about offensive expressions that are used by an arrogant person. And this exclamation will help them realize the harm they are causing.

3. - You know, my mother too...

Arrogant man with high probability identifies groups of people based on race, sexual orientation, education received, etc., which allows him to express his negative stereotypes. The whole point is that by humiliating others, an arrogant person tries to elevate himself in comparison with them.

You can quickly stop negative talk by hinting that one of your loved ones is also part of the group that the arrogant person is trying to ridicule. In this way, you will let him know that such gossip is offensive to you personally and you are not going to put up with unfair slander. Most likely, after this the rude person will apologize, which will be the best way out of the situation for him.

4. - Do you know that there are other points of view?

You and everyone else are entitled to your own opinion. But arrogant people should understand that their negative comments should not affect other people.

5. - Tell me again, why are you better than him?

Arrogant people think they are better than others. So ask them to explain why we should treat these other people differently. He can give quite interesting answers to this, but most likely he will just start squirming. And you will put him in a completely uncomfortable position if you say that he is not higher than other people.

6. - I would be grateful if these were the last words you said on this topic.

End this arrogant man's chatter as rudely as he started it. This phrase will put an end to his slander. But, again, an arrogant person, accustomed to hearing only himself. Therefore, you will have to say this in the most intelligible way for him.

7. - Shut up, finally.

The easiest way to end a conversation with an arrogant person is to simply walk away. And the best thing is if at the end you say some rather sharp phrase that will make him think. But it is quite possible that you will not be able to influence an arrogant person even in this way. They think too highly of themselves, despite all the evidence of their meanness.

8. - I'm sure you didn't mean for it to sound so arrogant, right?

This phrase conveys good intentions, even if you are not at all sure that the person is so inclined. This formulation actually gives the arrogant person a chance to correct himself, since he will be able to answer that he really did not mean to be rude. She will also make it clear that you refuse to support his game of belittling others.

9 . “Do you realize how arrogant you look when you say things like that?”

Point out their arrogant behavior and let them know that you find it completely unacceptable. Psychologists who specialize in studying character say that modest people are not at all concerned with themselves, but arrogant people have an inflated opinion of themselves. Representatives of society with such a character are also characterized by manipulative actions towards other people.

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Exist psychological tricks that work on a subconscious level. They help you gain the favor of your interlocutor, join a new company, or instantly calm down in a moment of stress.

website talks about the 12 most effective of them, which work 100% and will be useful in any situation.

No. 1. When several people laugh, everyone looks at the one he likes most.

After a good joke or during a lively discussion in a group of people, everyone instinctively looks at the one he likes the most Therefore, to find out everything about relationships in a group of friends, prepare a couple of killer jokes.

No. 2. If you're nervous, chew.

Before an important conversation, speech or event that makes us nervous, we should try chewing gum or even eating something.

No one will eat in the face of danger. Therefore, while chewing our brain thinks there is no danger and you can relax. It sends a signal that relieves nervous tension and helps you calm down.

No. 3. A closer look will help you draw out any information.

If your interlocutor’s answer does not suit you or you think that he is not telling you something, Just continue to silently look into his eyes.

In such a situation, the silence for the interlocutor will become so unbearable that he will be forced to tell you literally everything just to stop it.

No. 4. Imagine that the employer is your long-time good friend.

To avoid worrying during an important exam or interview, imagine that the person opposite is your friend whom you have not seen for a long time. This will help you instantly calm down, and answering questions will be much easier.

#5: If you have to work with people a lot, put a mirror behind you.

If you frequently communicate with different people When working, place a small mirror behind you. You will be surprised, but many clients will behave more politely and meet you halfway more often. This is because people don't like to see themselves angry and irritated.

No. 6. If you think someone is looking at you, just yawn

Just look at this picture. You just yawned, right? Yes, yawning is incredibly contagious. It's enough to yawn and look around to understand who was watching you. The person who was looking at you will most likely yawn too.

#7. If you want to stop a fight, just get something to eat and stand between the fighters.

No. 8. If you want to get rid of an item, then simply give it to the person while talking to him

Ask the person a personal question or get their opinion on something. During the response, the brain will be so busy that everything else will happen at the level of reflexes. In such a situation, most people will accept anything from your hands without thinking at all.

No. 9. If you want to easily become friends with a person, just ask him for something

#10: It’s best to schedule an important meeting at the beginning or end of the day.

Incredible facts

The human psyche remains one of the biggest mysteries in the world.

Although researchers have learned a lot interesting facts about psychological characteristics person, and can even predict our behavior based on certain rules, much remains unknown.

Did you know how fallible your memories are, how long your habits take to form, or how many friends you can make?

These and others psychological facts that will help you get to know yourself better.

Human psychological processes

1. You suffer from "inattention blindness"

If you haven't heard anything about experiment "invisible gorilla", watch the following video. You need to count the number of passes made by people wearing white T-shirts (watch the video before reading further).

This is an example of what is called " inattention blindness"The idea is that we are often blind to what is literally happening under our noses if we are focused on some other task.

In this case, a man in a gorilla suit walks through a group of players, stops and walks away. Participants busy counting passes often simply do not notice the gorilla. Moreover, those who are aware of the gorilla's appearance become even more inattentive and miss other changes (such as a change in the color of the curtains, or the departure of one girl).

Exists the rule of the "magic number 7 plus minus 2", according to which a person cannot store more than 5-9 blocks of information at the same time. Most of the information in short term memory is stored for 20-30 seconds, after which we quickly forget it, only if we don’t repeat it over and over again.

Although most people can retain about 7 digits in memory for a short period, almost all of us have difficulty retaining 10 digits in our minds.

Recent research shows that we are able to store even less: about 3-4 blocks of information at a time. And although we try to group the data we receive, our short-term memory is still quite limited.

For example, a telephone number is divided into several sets of numbers so that we can remember it more easily.

Although these colors are used in many national flags, red and Blue colour difficult to perceive by our vision when they are next to each other.

This is due to an effect called "chromostereopsis", which causes some colors to "pop out" while others are removed. This causes irritation and eye fatigue.

This effect is most pronounced when combining red and blue, as well as red and green.

According to a study by the University of Cambridge, "nezhavno in kaokm podyakr rpasoloyezhny bkuvy v slvoe. Smaoe vaonzhe, this chotby pearvya i nesdyalya bkuva blyi na sviokh metsah."

Even if the other letters are jumbled, you will be able to read the sentence. This happens because human brain does not read each letter, but the word as a whole. It constantly processes the information it receives from the senses, and the way you perceive the information (words) is usually different from what you see (confused letters).

Even if you are at a meeting, you are interested in the topic, and the person presents the subject in an interesting way, then the maximum attention you can maintain is 7-10 minutes. After this, your attention will begin to wane and you need to take a break to continue to maintain your interest.

Psychological characteristics of a person

Your ability to delay immediate gratification of your desires begins in early childhood. People who are with early years were able to delay gratification, perform better in school, and cope better with stress and disappointment.

Do you like to have your head in the clouds? According to psychologists, we all like to daydream at least 30 percent of the time. Some of us are even bigger, but that's not always a bad thing. Researchers say people who daydream tend to be more creative and better problem solvers.

Scientists studying how long it takes for certain actions to become habits have found that on average it takes us about 66 days to do this.

The more complex the behavior we want to acquire, the longer we need. So, for those who wanted to get into the habit of doing physical exercise, most often it took 1.5 times longer for it to become automatic than for those who developed the habit of eating fruit for lunch. Even if you miss a day or two, it won't affect the time it takes to get into the habit, but missing too many days in a row can slow down the process.

We are not very good at predicting the future. More specifically, we overestimate our reaction to future events, whether pleasant or negative.

Research has shown that people believe that positive events, such as getting married or winning big, will make them much happier than they actually are. Likewise, we believe that negative events, such as losing a job or having an accident, will make us feel much more depressed than they actually are.

10. You blame the other person, not the situation (and the situation, not yourself)

Remember when you were waiting for another person who was late for a meeting. Most likely, you attributed his delay to irresponsibility and lack of composure. In the same situation, you attributed your lateness to external circumstances (traffic jams).

In psychology this is called " fundamental attribution error" – that is, the tendency to blame the behavior of other people internal features personality, and their behavior - by external factors (“I had no choice”, “I was unlucky”). Unfortunately, even though we are aware of our tendency to make unfair judgments, we still continue to make this fundamental mistake.

Even if you can boast of several thousand friends in in social networks, in fact, you have much less of them. Psychologists and anthropologists have identified the “Dunbar number” - that is, the maximum number of close connections that a person can have, and it ranges from 50 to 150.

Have you noticed that people always stop to look at scenes of accidents. In fact, we cannot ignore the situation of danger. Every person has the oldest structure of the brain that is responsible for survival and asks: "Can I eat this? Can I have sex with this? Could it kill me?"

Food, sex and danger are all he cares about. After all, without food a person will die, without sex the race will not continue, and if a person dies, the first two points will not make sense.

Imagine that you have never seen an iPad, but they gave it to you and told you to read books on it. Before you even turn on your iPad and start using it, you'll already have a model in your head of how to read books with it. You will have ideas about what the book will look like on screen, what features you will be able to use, and how you will do it.

In other words you have a "mental model" reading a book from your tablet, even if you've never done it before. Your mental model will be different from the model that the person who read before has e-books and someone who doesn't even know what an iPad is.

Our mental models are based on incomplete facts, past experiences, and even intuitions.

If you go to any supermarket, you will see a huge range of products, and that's because people need more choice.

In one study conducted in a supermarket, researchers presented participants with 6 types of jam, followed by 24 types of jam. And while people were more likely to stop at a stand with 24 types of jam, they were 6 times more likely to buy jam from a stand with 6 types of jam.

The explanation is simple: despite the fact that we think we want more, our brains can only handle so many things at once.

Imagine that you are at the airport and you need to pick up your luggage. However, it will take you about 12 minutes to get to the baggage claim area. When you arrive at baggage claim, you immediately collect your suitcase. How impatient do you feel?

Now try to imagine a similar situation, but you get to the delivery lane in 2 minutes and wait 10 minutes for your luggage. Although in both situations it took you 12 minutes to get your luggage, in the second case you were probably more impatient and unhappy.

If a person has no reason to be active, he decides to do nothing. And while it helps us maintain energy, idleness makes us feel impatient and unhappy.

Brain and psyche

Although we like to think that all our decisions are carefully controlled and thought out, research suggests that everyday decisions are actually subconscious, and there is a reason for this.

Every second our brain is bombarded with more than 11 million individual pieces of data, and since we cannot carefully check all this, our subconscious helps us make decisions.

We think of our memories as little "movies" that we play in our heads and think of as being stored just like videos on our computer. However, it is not.

Every time, when you mentally return to an event, you change it, since the nerve pathways are activated differently each time. This may be influenced by later events and the desire to fill gaps in memory. So, for example, you don't remember who else was at the family reunion, but since your aunt was usually present, you can eventually include her in your memory.

If you think you're good at multitasking, you're wrong.

Scientists have proven that we can't do 2-3 things at once. Sure, we can walk and talk to our friend at the same time, but our brain only focuses on one priority function at a time. This suggests that we cannot think about two different things at the same time.

Memories of exciting and dramatic events are called in psychology " flashback memories", and they turned out to be full of errors.

Well-known examples of this phenomenon are the events surrounding 9/11. Psychologists asked participants to describe in detail what they did, where they were and other details related to the event, immediately after the terrorist attack and 3 years later. It turned out that 90 percent of later descriptions differed from the original ones. Many people can describe in detail where and what they were doing when they heard the news. The only problem is that these details are incorrect because strong emotions associated with memory distort memories.

When you sleep and dream, your brain processes and integrates the experiences of the entire day, creates associations from the information received, decides what to remember and what to forget.

You've probably often heard the advice to "get a good night's sleep" before an exam or important event. If you want to remember what you've learned, it's best to go to bed after you've learned the material and before you need to remember it.

A person feels more successful and happy only when his mind is occupied with something.

We all know that psychology is the science of the totality of psychological phenomena and the behavior of humans and higher animals, which is explained on the basis of these phenomena. So, the object of science is man, a creature endowed with consciousness and an internal subjective world. Psychology can be considered one of the most interesting sciences.

If you still want to know more, then interesting facts about psychology will help you.

56 facts about human psychology

1. Brain activity continues even when we rest. At this moment, a filtering occurs of what really needs to be stored in memory and what needs to be put away “in reserve.” When you wake up in the morning, you will never forget what is really important to you, but you will also not remember what you focused on yesterday.

2. A person feels more successful and happy only when his mind is occupied with something. Moreover, gray matter is not interested in monotonous work - we are talking about the constant hustle and bustle of concentration and switching from one job to another. Only in such moments does a person feel happy.

3. You can't help but pay attention to food, sex and danger. Have you noticed that people always stop to look at scenes of accidents. In fact, we cannot ignore the situation of danger. Each person has a special part of the brain that is responsible for survival and asks: “Can I eat this? Can I have sex with this? Could this kill me? "

4. Researchers have proven that if in youth a person knew how to give up what he really wanted, life’s trials are easier and with minimal losses.

5. In order to get used to something you need no more than 2 months, or more precisely, 66 days. This is precisely the period a person will need in order to form and bring any action to automatism. For example, if you want to go to proper nutrition, then you may need a little less - about 55 days. But you will have to get used to sports longer - up to 75 days.

6. If you think that you can have an unlimited number of friends, you are deeply mistaken. It turns out that a person can be friends up to 150 times in his entire life.

7. There are times when you want to please a girl by giving her a gift, but you don’t know what she needs. There is a solution! Tell her you bought a gift and ask her to guess what it is. She will list what she wants.

8. If you have nightmares at night, you may be freezing in your sleep. Scientific fact - the colder the bedroom, the more likely you are to have a bad dream.

9. Even positive events such as graduating from university, getting married or new job, can lead to depression.

10. The best remedy Reading helps relieve worries, anxiety and stress. This activity has a faster effect on the body. Surprisingly, this method is much better than drinking alcohol, much more effective than walking, drinking tea or listening to music.

11. There is a principle in psychology: the more expectations about an event, the higher the likelihood of crushing disappointment. If you wait more, you get less; if you wait less, you get more.

12 . Most people in an unfamiliar place stay to the right. If you don’t want to be in a crowd or stand in line for a long time, then knowing this fact, feel free to go to the left or take the line to the left.

13. According to expert observations, people with blue eyes can fall in love in just a few minutes, and people with brown eyes can love two people at the same time. It takes a long time to fall in love with a green-eyed person, sometimes it takes years. People of all colors can fall in love in just an hour.

14. It is interesting that a person remembers good grades many times better than bad ones. With a probability of 89%, people will remember the rating “5” and only 29% - the rating “3”. As a result, it appears that the estimate was higher than it actually was

15. It is interesting that in sports referees punish more often those teams whose uniforms are black. This is confirmed by statistics maintained by the NHL and FIFA.

16. It is a well-known fact that women, when in a clothing store, focus more on the shelves and hangers, which are cluttered. Subconsciously it seems to them that there is something better, more interesting there.

17. Stores use the entire range of psychological factors and techniques. For example, repeating products at the checkout, promotions and price tags of different colors. If you write on the price tag instead of “Socks - 2 dollars.” - "PROMOTION! 5 pairs of socks - 10 dollars. “Sales can be increased by exactly half..

18. Residents of Southeast Asia, primarily the Chinese, often experience Koro syndrome - a mental pathology when a person thinks that his penis is shrinking or retracting into his stomach. At the same time, the “patient” is seriously afraid of death. This is a cultural feature of Asians, since cases of Koro syndrome in Africans or Europeans are usually not accompanied by fear of death. Often, as part of self-medication, men hang some kind of weight from the penis in order to stop retraction.

19. If glass is broken in a house, then soon there will not be a single intact window left in it, and then looting will begin - this is the main idea of the theory of broken windows. In a broader sense, this theory is that people are much more willing to break rules and norms of behavior if they see obvious signs chaos around - this has been experimentally proven many times.

20. People are reluctant to contradict a calm, balanced person. On the contrary, when someone fiercely and aggressively defends his opinion, they will resist him and argue with him.

21. Those who sleep 6-7 hours are less at risk of premature death than those who sleep 8:00. It is worth noting that those who sleep less than 5:00 are three times more likely to suffer from mental disorders than those who sleep 8-9 hours.

22 . No for man better word than her name. The first thing you need to remember when meeting someone is their name. NOT a position, not a profession, but a name. This is the basic rule for establishing good relations.

23. To fall asleep quickly, you need to lie on your back, stretch out and relax your whole body. Close your eyes and roll your pupils upward under closed eyelids. This is a normal condition of the eyes during sleep. Having accepted this position, a person falls asleep quickly, easily and deeply.

24. Psychologists have determined that a woman only needs 45 seconds to evaluate an unfamiliar man. Of these, she spends 10 seconds building a general impression of the figure, 8 seconds assessing the eyes, 7 seconds looking at the hair, 10 seconds at the lips and chin, 5 seconds at the shoulders. And the last 5 looks at the ring, if there is one.

25. Knowledge of psychology makes life easier, takes into account possible reactions of people around, and application practical psychology improves mutual understanding and helps resolve conflicts in a timely manner.

26. People suffering from depression often say that they feel the world in gray tones. It turned out that this is not just a psychological phenomenon - the grayness of colors during depression has a physiological basis. This conclusion was made by German scientists from the University of Freiburg, who studied the processes in the eyes of patients using an electroretinogram. They found a strong relationship - the stronger the depressive symptoms, the weaker the retina reacts to stimulation by showing contrasting images.

27. Each time you mentally return to an event, you change it, since the neural pathways are activated differently each time. This may be influenced by later events and the desire to fill gaps in memory. So, for example, you don't remember who else was at the family reunion, but since your aunt is usually present, you can later include her in your impression.

28. Incompetent people often end up higher on the career ladder than their more qualified colleagues due to the Dunning-Kruger effect. According to him, people with a low level of qualifications tend to overestimate their abilities, and when making unsuccessful decisions, they are often unable to realize the error due, again, to weak competence. People with a high level of qualifications look at things more soberly and, on the contrary, tend to underestimate their abilities, and also believe that others do not value them highly. These findings were experimentally confirmed by psychologists Dunning and Krueger from Cornell University in 1999.

29. An optimistic or pessimistic view of the world for each individual person is genetically programmed. According to research by scientists from the University of Michigan, it is determined by the concentration of neuropeptides Y in the brain: a reduced concentration makes you perceive the environment pessimistically and depressively.

30 .Sometimes unrequited love develops into real obsession and even threatens with mental disorders. Such, for example, as Adele syndrome. Adele syndrome is a long-term, inappropriately painful love obsession with another person.

31. After analyzing more than a billion tweets posted during major sporting events, scientists found that the louder and more confident a debater's statements are, the more likely he is to win the debate. In other words, speak confidently even if you know you are wrong.

32. If a person is trying to remember something, but continues to look into your eyes, you can be sure that you are being deceived.

33. Women feel loved when interacting face-to-face with their partner; men, on the other hand, experience emotional closeness when they work, play, or talk while sitting next to their partner.

34. Average man claims to have had sex with 7 women. Average woman attributes 4 partners to himself. The fact is that men and women have different motivations. For men, having many partners is considered a plus, but for women, it’s the opposite. That’s why they “remember” the number of partners in different ways. In fact, the quantity is approximately the same.

35. Between appearance and crime there is a direct correlation. Criminals are less attractive than the average person. And people who are more attractive are much less likely to commit crimes.

36. Male and female witnesses remember details of crimes differently. When a criminal, for example, snatches a purse, female witnesses remember the victim's facial expression. Male witnesses, on the contrary, remember the robber.

37. According to psychologists, we all love to dream. Researchers say that people who like to daydream tend to be more creative and better problem solvers.

38. There is a mental phenomenon, the reverse of déjà vu, called jamevu. It consists of a sudden feeling that you are encountering a situation or person for the first time, although in fact it is very familiar to you. But while almost all of us have experienced déjà vu at least once, jamevu is much less common and can be a sign of a serious mental disorder. One can put on a par with them the phenomenon of presquevue - a well-known state when you cannot remember a familiar word that is “on the tip of your tongue.”

39. The most famous example of “deception through honesty.” A person who voices his evil intentions will look more honest in the eyes of others than a person who completely lacks these intentions or hides them.

40. The effect of “inattentional blindness”. The idea is that we are often blind to what is literally happening under our noses if we are focused on some other task.

41. You can only remember 3-4 items at a time. There is a rule of the “magic number 7 plus or minus 2”, according to which a person cannot store more than 5-9 blocks of information at the same time. Most information is stored in short-term memory for 20-30 seconds, after which we quickly forget it, unless we repeat it over and over again.

42. You see things differently than you perceive them. According to a study by the University of Cambridge, "it is not important in the order of revenge of the letter in the word." The main thing is that the first and last letters are in the right place. Even if other letters are jumbled, you will be able to read the sentences. This happens because the human brain does not read each letter, the word as a whole. It constantly processes information it receives from the senses, and the way you perceive information (words) is usually different from what you see (letters mixed up).

43. You know how to do things that have never been done before. Imagine that you have never seen an iPad, but they gave it to you and told you to read books on it. Before you even turn on your iPad and start using it, you'll already have a model in your head of how to read books with it. You will have ideas about what the book will look like on screen, what features you will be able to use, and how you will do it.

44. A child begins to perceive his separate “I” only after two years of birth, and before that he feels one with the entire world around him. Just as you and I consider our arm and leg to be “ourselves,” so the baby considers the entire world around him to be part of himself.

45. 90% of all diseases are caused by psychological character, and a person can be finally cured only by restoring his peace of mind.

46. It has been proven that a child deprived of physical contact with people for a long time degrades and may die. As a result, the lack of physical emotional connections can be fatal for a person. This is a kind of sensory hunger that needs to be stimulated in a person’s life.

47. Observations by psychologists show that during personal contacts, interlocutors are not able to look at each other all the time, but only no more than 60% of the total time. However, the time of eye contact can go beyond these limits in two cases: in lovers and in aggressive people. Therefore, if an unfamiliar person looks at you for a long time and intently, most often this indicates hidden aggression.

48. The duration of visual contact depends on the distance between the interlocutors. The greater the distance, the longer eye contacts are possible between them. Therefore, communication will be more effective if partners sit on opposite sides of the table - in this case, the increase in the distance between them will be compensated by an increase in the duration of eye contact.

49. Women look longer at those they like, and men look longer at those who like them. Observations show that women use direct gaze more often than men, and therefore they are less likely to perceive gaze as a threat.

50. You should not think that a direct gaze is a sign of honesty and openness. A person who knows how to lie can fix his gaze on the eyes of the interlocutor, and also control his hands, not allowing them to come closer to his face.

51. The contraction and dilation of the pupils is NOT controlled by consciousness, so their reaction very clearly shows the partner’s interest in you. Dilation of the pupils shows increased interest in you; their narrowing will indicate hostility. However, such phenomena should be observed in dynamics, since the size of the pupil also depends on the illumination. In bright sunlight, a person's pupils are narrow; in a dark room, the pupils dilate.

52. The theory of neurolinguistic programming states that by the movement of the interlocutor’s eyes, one can find out exactly what images are currently in a person’s mind and what he is doing at the moment: inventing or remembering.

53. If the interlocutor looks up to the left or just up, most likely he is immersed in visual memories. This look can be observed in a person, answering the question “Who is depicted on the five dollar bill?”

54. Looking upward to the right reveals visual construction. A man tries to imagine something he has never seen. For example, try to imagine your close friend in an astronaut suit.

55. Looking to the left side indicates auditory memories. For example, think about the sounds of a piano. If the gaze is directed to the right side, this is a sign of auditory construction. For example, imagine how aliens talk.

56. Looking down to the left - internal conversation with yourself. The ability to casually and quietly observe the eyes of your interlocutor, analyzing him, will provide you with invaluable help, both in daily conversations and in the case of an important business conversation. published

Ambivalence, frustration, rigidity - if you want to express your thoughts not at the level of a fifth grader, then you will have to understand the meaning of these words. Katya Shpachuk explains everything in an accessible and understandable way, and visual gifs help her with this.
1. Frustration

Almost everyone experienced a feeling of unfulfillment, encountered obstacles on the way to achieving goals, which became an unbearable burden and a reason for reluctance. So this is frustration. When everything is boring and nothing works.

But you shouldn’t take this condition with hostility. The main way overcome frustration - realize the moment, accept it, and be tolerant. A state of dissatisfaction and mental tension mobilize a person’s strength to deal with a new challenge.

2. Procrastination

- So, starting tomorrow I’m going on a diet! No, better from Monday.

I'll finish it later when I'm in the mood. There's still time.

Ah..., I’ll write tomorrow. It's not going anywhere.

Sound familiar? This is procrastination, that is, putting things off until later.

A painful state when you need it and don’t want it.

Accompanied by tormenting oneself for not completing the assigned task. This is the main difference from laziness. Laziness is an indifferent state, procrastination is an emotional state. At the same time, a person finds excuses and activities that are much more interesting than doing specific work.

In fact, the process is normal and inherent to most people. But don't overuse it. The main way to avoid is motivation and correct placement priorities. This is where time management comes to the rescue.

3. Introspection

In other words, introspection. A method by which a person examines his own psychological tendencies or processes. Descartes was the first to use introspection when studying his own mental nature.

Despite the popularity of the method in the 19th century, introspection is considered a subjective, idealistic, even unscientific form of psychology.

4. Behaviorism

Behaviorism is a direction in psychology that is based not on consciousness, but on behavior. Human reaction to an external stimulus. Movements, facial expressions, gestures - in short, everything external signs became the subject of study by behaviorists.

The founder of the method, American John Watson, assumed that through careful observation, one could predict, change or shape appropriate behavior.

Many experiments have been conducted to study human behavior. But the most famous was the following.

In 1971, Philip Zimbardo conducted an unprecedented psychological experiment called the Stanford Prison Experiment. Absolutely healthy, mentally stable young people were placed in a suspended prison. The students were divided into two groups and assigned tasks: some had to play the role of guards, others prisoners. The student guards began to exhibit sadistic tendencies, while the prisoners were morally depressed and resigned to their fate. After 6 days the experiment was stopped (instead of two weeks). During the course, it was proved that the situation influences a person’s behavior more than his internal characteristics.

5. Ambivalence

Many psychological thriller writers are familiar with this concept. So, “ambivalence” is a dual attitude towards something. Moreover, this relationship is absolutely polar. For example, love and hatred, sympathy and antipathy, pleasure and displeasure that a person experiences simultaneously and in relation to something (someone) alone. The term was introduced by E. Bleuler, who considered ambivalence one of the signs of schizophrenia.

According to Freud, “ambivalence” takes on a slightly different meaning. This is the presence of opposing deep motivations, which are based on the attraction to life and death.

6. Insight

Translated from English, “insight” is insight, the ability to gain insight, insight, suddenly finding a solution, etc.

There is a task, the task requires a solution, sometimes it is simple, sometimes complex, sometimes it is solved quickly, sometimes it takes time. Usually, in complex, labor-intensive, seemingly impossible tasks, insight comes. Something non-standard, unexpected, new. Along with insight, the previously established nature of action or thinking changes.

7. Rigidity

In psychology, “rigidity” is understood as a person’s unwillingness to act not according to plan, fear of unforeseen circumstances. Also referred to as “rigidity” is the unwillingness to give up habits and attitudes, from the old, in favor of the new, etc.

A rigid person is a hostage to stereotypes, ideas that are not created independently, but taken from reliable sources.
They are specific, pedantic, and are irritated by uncertainty and carelessness. Rigid thinking is banal, cliched, uninteresting.

8. Conformism and non-conformism

“Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority, it is time to stop and think,” wrote Mark Twain. Conformity is a key concept social psychology. Expressed as a change in behavior under the real or imagined influence of others.

Why is this happening? Because people are afraid when they are not like everyone else. This is a way out of your comfort zone. This is the fear of not being liked, of looking stupid, of being out of the crowd.

A conformist is a person who changes his opinion, beliefs, attitudes, in favor of the society in which he is located.

Nonconformist is the opposite concept to the previous one, that is, a person who defends an opinion that differs from the majority.

9. Catharsis

From ancient Greek, the word “katharsis” means “purification,” most often from feelings of guilt. A process of long experience, excitement, which at the peak of development turns into liberation, something maximally positive. It is human nature to worry about various reasons, from the thought of an iron not turned off, etc. Here we can talk about everyday catharsis. There is a problem that reaches its peak, a person suffers, but he cannot suffer forever. The problem begins to go away, the anger goes away (for some), the moment of forgiveness or awareness comes.

10. Empathy

Do you experience together with the person who tells you his story? Do you live with him? Do you emotionally support the person you are listening to? Then you are an empath.

Empathy – understanding people’s feelings, willingness to provide support.

This is when a person puts himself in the place of another, understands and lives his story, but, nevertheless, remaining with his reason. Empathy is a feeling and responsive process, somewhere emotional.