Allport and Odbert produced two of the most comprehensive dictionaries in English, available at that time, and wrote down 18,000 words describing the personality. From this giant list, they identified 4,500 personality adjectives, which they viewed as observable and relatively fixed personality traits.

In 1946, Raymond Cattell used the emerging computer technology to analyze the Allport-Odbert list. He organized this list into 181 groups of words and asked subjects to rate people they knew with adjectives from this list. Using factor analysis, Cattell identified 12 and then included 4 more factors that he expected would stand out. The result of this was the hypothesis that people describe themselves and each other using 16 different factors independent of each other.

Using these 16 factors as a basis, Cattell continued his work in this area, creating the 16-factor personality questionnaire, which is still used today by universities, businesses, companies for research, personnel selection, etc. Although subsequent studies have not replicated his results , and it was shown that Cattell used too many factors, the now common 16-factor personality inventory takes these results into account and is considered very good test. In 1963, W. T. Norman repeated Cattell's work and suggested that five factors would be sufficient. (See NEO PI-R). Subsequently, L. Goldberg in the USA, as well as psychologists who worked with factor analysis of large lists of personal characteristics in different countries(in Russia - A.G. Shmelev), showed that the so-called “Big Five” factors are the most stable and universal for different linguistic cultures, while any systems of factors that include more than 5 factors, including 16 factors, reflect the cultural specifics of a particular country. A 16-factor test gives a more accurate forecast than a five-factor test if it is based on the results of factor analysis performed in the country in which the test is to be administered.

Factors

Ranges- from 1 to 3; + from 7 to 10

• Factor A+- Openness

Ready to make new acquaintances, friendly, accommodating, attentive to people, natural in his manners, and easily shortens the distance.

• Factor a-- Closedness

Closed, skeptical, inflexible in relationships with people, prone to solitude, concentrated on one’s own thoughts and feelings, distant (official).

• Factor B+- Developed thinking

Smart, able to analyze situations, capable of meaningful conclusions, intellectual, cultural

• Factor B-- Limited thinking

Difficulties in learning, in the ability to analyze and generalize materials, gives up easily when faced with difficulties, “dork”

• Factor C+- Emotional stability

Calm, mature, confident, sensually constant, not afraid of difficult situations, emotionally stable

• Factor C-- Emotional instability

Uncertain, impatient, irritable, prone to worry and upset, puts off solving complex issues, and worries.

• Factor E+- Independence

Punchy, self-confident, firm, unyielding, unyielding, undertakes to lead, lead, is a “law” to himself

• Factor E-- Compliance

Soft, compliant, dependent, affectionate, easily becomes dependent, avoids the role of leader, submissive, follower

• Factor F+- Carelessness

Carefree, impulsive, talkative, cheerful, joyful, lively, ready to react, show feelings

• Factor F-- Concern

Serious, self-absorbed, preoccupied-thoughtful, pessimist, restrained, reasonable, under self-control

• Factor G+- Consciousness

Self-possessed, decisive, obligatory, responsible, always ready for action, thorough, persistent in achieving goals, socially normed, pronounced “super-ego” power

• Factor G-- Unscrupulousness

Careless, frivolous, unreliable, fickle, gives up easily, when faced with difficulties creates interference and difficulties, with pretensions, does not bind himself to rules

• Factor H+- Courage

Adventurous, easy to meet people, reactive, cheerful, enterprising, risk-taker

• Factor H-- Shyness

Indecisive, avoids responsibility and risk

• Factor I+- Sensuality

Sentimental, with developed aesthetic needs, sympathetic and seeking sympathy from others, friendly, demanding the attention of others, hypochondriac, fearful

• Factor I-- Hardness

Realist, relies on himself, takes responsibility, stern, tough, independent, sometimes cynical, insensitive to his physical condition, skeptic

• Factor L+- Suspiciousness

Jealous, withdrawn, brooding, firm, irritating, excessive conceit, self-centered, independent

• Factor L-- Gullibility

Friendly, straightforward, open, understanding, indulgent, kind-hearted, calm, good-natured, not envious, knows how to get along with people

• Factor M+- Daydreaming

Self-absorbed, interested in science, theory, the meaning of life, rich imagination, helpless in practical matters, mostly cheerful, hysterical anomalies are not excluded, conflict-ridden in a team, mismanagement

• Factor M-- Practicality

Interested in facts, conditioned by circumstances, lively reaction to practical issues, interests narrowed to immediate success, spontaneously doing nothing, realistic, reliable, serious, economic, but very constantly oriented towards external reality, generally accepted norms, pays attention to details, but sometimes not enough creative imagination

• Factor N+- Refinement

Refined, refined, self-controlled, aesthetically discerning, worldly, understands himself, understands others, ambitious, somewhat insecure, dissatisfied

• Factor N-- "Simplicity"

Simple without “brilliance”, open, ardent, spontaneous in behavior, in society, simple taste, lacks introspection, does not analyze the motives of others’ behavior, is satisfied with what he has

• Factor Q+- Tendency to feel guilty

Fearful, insecure, anxious, preoccupied, depressed, sensitive, easily confused, strong feeling debt, overprotective, full of fears, subject to moods, frequent bad feelings

• Factor Q-- Calm self-confidence

Self-confident, calm, knows how to have fun, stubborn, sees meaning in expediency, messy, fearless, lives simple things, insensitive to opinions about oneself

• Factor Q1+- Radicalism

Intellectual interests and doubts about fundamental problems, skepticism, desire to reconsider existing principles, tendency to experiment and innovate

• Factor Q1-- Conservatism

The desire to support established concepts, norms, principles, traditions, doubt in new ideas, denial of the need for change

• Factor Q2+- Independence

Prefers his own opinion, is independent in his views, strives for independent decisions and actions

• Factor Q2-- Group dependent

Conformal, dependent on other people’s opinions, prefers making decisions together with other people, focused on social approval

• Factor Q3+- Self-control, strong will

Discipline, accuracy in fulfilling social requirements, good control over your emotions, caring about your reputation

• Factor Q3-- Lack of self-control, indifference

Internal conflict, low self-control, indiscipline, non-compliance with rules, spontaneity in behavior, subordination to one’s passions

• Factor Q4+- Internal tension

Excited, agitated, tense, irritable, impatient, excess of urges that cannot be released

• Factor Q4-- Inner relaxation

Phlegmatic, relaxation, lethargy, laziness, relaxation, insufficient motivation, not entirely justified satisfaction

• MD factor- Adequate self-esteem

Adequate self-esteem of the individual, her certain maturity

• Factor MD+- Inadequately high self-esteem

Overestimation of one's capabilities, self-confidence and self-satisfaction

• Factor MD-- Inappropriately low self-esteem

Dissatisfaction with oneself, lack of self-confidence, excessive criticism of oneself

Clinical Psychopathy Scales

• Ma - Mania (Hypomania)
• Si - Social introversion

• Cattell's multifactorial personality research technique

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Description. The Freiburg multifactorial personality questionnaire FPI is designed to diagnose states and personality traits that are of paramount importance for the process social adaptation and regulation of behavior. The FPI methodology was created taking into account the experience of constructing and using such well-known questionnaires as Quettel’s 16PF, MMPI (SMIL), Eysenck’s EPI, etc.

The FPI test is used for psychodiagnostics, career guidance, psychological counseling, examination, etc.

The FPI questionnaire contains 12 scales diagnosing neuroticism, spontaneous aggressiveness, depression, irritability, sociability, poise, reactive aggressiveness, shyness, openness, extraversion-introversion, emotional lability, masculinity-femininity.

The total number of questions in the questionnaire is 114 (Form B). The FPI questionnaire is used for applied purposes and must be interpreted by a specialist.

FPI test. Freiburg Multifactor Personality Questionnaire. Personality research methodology:

Instructions.

You are offered a series of statements, each of which implies a question related to you about whether this statement corresponds or does not correspond to some features of your behavior, individual actions, attitude towards people, outlook on life, etc. If you think that such a correspondence exists, then answer “Yes”; otherwise, answer “No”. Record your answer on the answer sheet you have by placing a cross or any other sign in the box corresponding to the statement number in the questionnaire and the type of your answer. Answers must be given to all questions.

The success of the study largely depends on how carefully the task is carried out. Try to impress someone with your answers best experience makes no sense since no answer is rated as good or bad. Don’t think about every question, but try to decide as quickly as possible which of the two answers, albeit very relatively, still seems closer to the truth. You should not be embarrassed if some of the questions seem too personal, since the study does not provide an analysis of each question and answer, but is based only on the number of answers of one type and another. In addition, you should know that the results of individual psychological studies, like medical ones, are not subject to wide discussion.

Stimulus material.

1. I have carefully read the instructions and am ready to answer all the questions in the questionnaire frankly.
2. In the evenings, I prefer to have fun in a fun company (guests, disco, cafe, etc.).
3. My desire to get to know someone is always hampered by the fact that it is difficult for me to find a suitable topic for conversation.
4. I get headaches often.
5. Sometimes I feel a pounding in my temples and a pulsation in my neck.
6. I quickly lose my composure, but just as quickly I pull myself together.
7. It happens that I laugh at an indecent joke.
8. I avoid asking questions and prefer to find out what I need in another way.
9. I prefer not to enter a room unless I am sure that my presence will go unnoticed.
10. I can get so angry that I am ready to break everything that comes to hand.
11. I feel awkward if people around me for some reason start paying attention to me.
12. I sometimes feel that my heart begins to work intermittently or begins to beat so that it seems ready to jump out of my chest.
13. I don’t think it would be possible to forgive an insult.
14. I don’t think that evil should be answered with evil, and I always follow this.
15. If I was sitting and then suddenly stood up, then my vision darkened and my head felt dizzy.
16. I think almost daily about how much better my life would be if I weren't plagued by failure.
17. In my actions, I never assume that people can be completely trusted.
18. I can resort to physical force if I need to defend my interests.
19. I can easily cheer up the most boring company.
20. I get embarrassed easily.
21. I am not at all offended if comments are made about my work or me personally.
22. I often feel my hands and feet go numb or cold.
23. I am awkward when communicating with other people.
24. Sometimes, for no apparent reason, I feel depressed and unhappy.
25. Sometimes there is no desire to do anything.
26. Sometimes I feel like I'm short of breath, as if I was doing very hard work.
27. It seems to me that I have done a lot of things wrong in my life.
28. It seems to me that others often laugh at me.
29. I love tasks like this when you can act without much thought.
30. I believe that I have plenty of reasons to not be very happy with my lot.
31. Often I have no appetite.
32. As a child, I was happy if parents or teachers punished other children.
33. I am usually decisive and act quickly.
34. I don't always tell the truth.
35. I watch with interest when someone tries to get out of an unpleasant situation.
36. I think that all means are good if you need to insist on your own.
37. What happened doesn't bother me much.
38. I can’t imagine anything that would be worth proving with fists.
39. I do not avoid meeting people who, it seems to me, are looking for a quarrel with me.
40. Sometimes it seems like I'm good for nothing at all.
41. It seems to me that I am constantly under some kind of tension and it is difficult for me to relax.
42. I often have pain in the pit of my stomach and various discomfort in a stomach.
43. If my friend is offended, I try to take revenge on the offender.
44. Sometimes I was late for the appointed time.
45. It happened in my life that for some reason I allowed myself to torture an animal.
46. When I meet an old acquaintance, I am ready to throw myself on his neck with joy.
47. When I'm afraid of something, my mouth goes dry, my arms and legs tremble.
48. Often I am in such a mood that I would gladly not see or hear anything.
49. When I go to bed, I usually fall asleep within a few minutes.
50. It gives me pleasure, as they say, to rub others’ noses in their mistakes.
51. Sometimes I can brag.
52. I actively participate in organizing public events.
53. It often happens that you have to look the other way to avoid an unwanted meeting.
54. In my defense, I sometimes made things up.
55. I am almost always mobile and active.
56. I often doubt whether my interlocutors are really interested in what I say.
57. Sometimes I suddenly feel like I'm covered in sweat.
58. If I get really angry with someone, I might hit him.
59. I don't care much if someone treats me badly.
60. I usually find it difficult to object to my friends.
61. I worry and worry even at the thought of possible failure.
62. I don't love all my friends.
63. I have thoughts that I should be ashamed of.
64. I don’t know why, but sometimes there is a desire to ruin something that is admired.
65. I prefer to force any person to do what I need than to ask him to do it.
66. I often move my arm or leg restlessly.
67. I prefer to spend a free evening doing what I love rather than having fun in a fun company.
68. In company I behave differently than at home.
69. Sometimes, without thinking, I will say something about which it would be better to remain silent.
70. I'm afraid to become the center of attention even in familiar company.
71. I have very few good friends.
72. Sometimes there are periods when bright light, bright colors, strong noise cause me painfully unpleasant sensations, although I see that this does not affect other people.
73. In company, I often have the desire to offend or anger someone.
74. Sometimes I think that it would be better not to be born, as soon as I imagine how many different troubles I might have to experience in life.
75. If someone seriously offends me, they will get what they deserve in full.
76. I don't mince words if they make me angry.
77. I like to ask a question or answer it in such a way that the interlocutor is confused.
78. Sometimes I put off what needed to be done immediately.
79. I don't like telling jokes or funny stories.
80. Everyday difficulties and worries often throw me off balance.
81. I don’t know what to do when meeting a person who was in a company where I behaved awkwardly.
82. Unfortunately, I am one of the people who react violently even to the little things in life.
83. I feel shy when speaking in front of a large audience.
84. My mood changes quite often.
85. I get tired faster than most people around me.
86. If I am very excited or irritated by something, I feel it with my whole body.
87. I am bothered by unpleasant thoughts that intrusively creep into my head.
88. Unfortunately, neither my family nor my circle of friends understand me.
89. If I sleep less than usual today, I won’t feel rested tomorrow.
90. I try to behave in such a way that others are afraid of causing my displeasure.
91. I'm confident in my future.
92. Sometimes I was the reason bad mood someone around.
93. I don't mind laughing at others.
94. I am one of those people who “do not mince words.”
95. I belong to people who take everything quite lightly.
96. As a teenager, I developed an interest in taboo topics.
97. Sometimes for some reason I hurt my loved ones.
98. I often have conflicts with others because of their stubbornness.
99. I often feel remorse for my actions.
100. I am often absent-minded.
101. I don't remember being particularly saddened by the failures of a person I can't stand.
102. I often become annoyed with others too quickly.
103. Sometimes, unexpectedly for myself, I begin to speak confidently about things about which I actually know little.
104. Often I am in such a mood that I am ready to explode for any reason.
105. I often feel lethargic and tired.
106. I love talking to people and am always ready to talk with both acquaintances and strangers.
107. Unfortunately, I am often too quick to judge other people.
108. In the morning I usually get up at good mood and often start whistling or humming.
109. I don't feel confident in the decision important issues even after much thought.
110. It turns out that in an argument I for some reason try to speak louder than my opponent,
111. Disappointments do not cause me any strong or lasting feelings.
112. It happens that I suddenly start biting my lips or biting my nails.
113. I feel happiest when I am alone.
114. Sometimes you get so bored that you want everyone to quarrel with each other.

Please check that all questions have been answered.

FPI test answer sheet.

Full name (or code)________________________________________________

Date__________________________________________Age______________________

Processing and analysis of FPI test results.

The first question is not included in any of the scales, as it is of a testing nature. Questionnaire scales I–IX are basic, or basic, and X–XII are derivative, integrating. Derived scales are made up of questions from the main scales and are sometimes designated not by numbers, but by the letters E, N and M, respectively.

Analysis of the results should begin by reviewing all answer sheets, clarifying what answer was given to the first question. If the answer is negative, meaning the test taker’s reluctance to answer the questions asked frankly, the study should be considered failed. If the answer to the first question is positive, after processing the research results, the graphical representation of the personality profile is carefully studied, all high and low scores are highlighted. Low scores include scores in the range of 1–3 points, medium scores are 4–6 points, and high scores are 7–9 points. Particular attention should be paid to the IX score, which is relevant for general characteristics reliability of answers.

Processing the results. The first procedure concerns obtaining primary, or “raw” estimates. To implement it, it is necessary to prepare matrix forms of the keys of each scale based on the general key of the questionnaire. To do this, in blank answer sheets identical to those used by the subjects, “windows” are cut out in the cells corresponding to the question number and answer option. The templates obtained in this way, one by one, in accordance with the serial number of the scale, are superimposed on the answer sheet filled out by the student. The number of marks (crosses) that coincide with the “windows” of the template is counted. The obtained values ​​are entered in the primary evaluation column of the protocol.

Personality Profile

Scale number	Initial assessment	Standard assessment, points

The second procedure involves converting primary scores into standard scores on a 9-point scale using a table. The obtained values ​​of standard estimates are indicated in the corresponding column of the protocol by plotting symbol(circle, cross, etc.) at the point corresponding to the value of the standard rating on each scale. By connecting the indicated points with straight lines, we get graphic representation of a person's profile.

Interpretation of the results obtained, psychological conclusions and recommendations should be given based on an understanding of the essence of the questions in each scale, the deep connections of the studied factors with each other and with other psychological and psychophysiological characteristics and their role in human behavior and activity.

The key to the FPI test, converting scores into walls.

Key.

Scale number	Scale name and number of questions	Answers by question numbers
	Neuroticism 17	4, 5, 12, 15,22,26,31, 41,42,57,66,72,85,86, 89,105
	Spontaneous aggressiveness 13	32, 35, 45, 50,64,73,77, 93,97,98, 103, 112, 114
	Depression 14	16,24,27,28, 30,40,48, 56,61,74,84,87,88, 100
	Irritability 11	6, 10,58,69,76,80,82, 102, 104,107, 110
	Sociability 15	2, 19,46,52,55,94, 106	3, 8,23,53, 67,71,79.113
	Poise 10	14,21,29.37,38,59,91, 95, 108, 111
	Reactive aggressiveness 10	13, 17, 18,36,39,43,65, 75,90, 98
	Shyness 10	9, 11,20,47,60,70,81, 83,109
	Openness 13	7,25,34,44,51,54,62, 63,68.78,92,96, 101
	Extraversion–introversion 12	2,29,46,51,55,76,93, 95, 106, 110
	Emotional lability 14	24, 25, 40, 48, 80, 83, 84, 85,87,88, 102, 112, 113
	Masculinism-feminism 15	18,29,33,50,52,58,59, 65,91, 104

Converting primary estimates to standard ones

Initial assessment

Standard rating scales

Interpretation and interpretation of the FPI test

Brief explanation of the scales.

Scale I (neuroticism) characterizes the level of neuroticism of the individual. High scores correspond to a pronounced neurotic syndrome of the asthenic type with psychosomatic disorders.

Scale II (spontaneous aggressiveness) allows you to identify and evaluate introtensive type psychopathization. High scores indicate elevated level psychopathization, which creates the preconditions for impulsive behavior.

Scale III (depressiveness) makes it possible to diagnose signs characteristic of psychopathological depressive syndrome. High scores on the scale correspond to the presence of these signs in the emotional state, in behavior, in attitudes towards oneself and towards the social environment.

Scale IV (irritability) allows you to judge emotional stability. High scores indicate an unstable emotional state with a tendency to react emotionally.

Scale V (sociability) characterizes both potential opportunities and actual manifestations of social activity. High scores indicate the presence of a pronounced need for communication and constant readiness to satisfy this need.

Scale VI (balance) reflects resistance to stress. High scores indicate good protection against stress factors in ordinary life situations, based on self-confidence, optimism and activity.

Scale VII (reactive aggressiveness) aims to identify the presence of signs of extra-intense psychopathization. High scores indicate a high level of psychopathization, characterized by an aggressive attitude towards the social environment and a pronounced desire for dominance.

Scale VIII (shyness) reflects a predisposition to a stressful response to ordinary life situations, occurring in a passive-defensive manner. High scores on the scale reflect the presence of anxiety, stiffness, and uncertainty, which results in difficulties in social contacts.

Scale IX (openness) allows you to characterize your attitude towards the social environment and the level of self-criticism. High scores indicate a desire for trusting and frank interaction with other people with a high level of self-criticism. Ratings on this scale can, to one degree or another, contribute to the analysis of the sincerity of the subject’s answers when working with this questionnaire, which corresponds to the lie scales of other questionnaires.

X scale (extraversion - introversion). High scores on the scale correspond to a pronounced extroverted personality, low scores correspond to a pronounced introverted personality.

Scale XI (emotional lability). High scores indicate instability of the emotional state, manifested in frequent mood swings, increased excitability, irritability, and insufficient self-regulation. Low scores can characterize not only high stability of the emotional state as such, but also good self-control.

Scale XII (masculinism - feminism). High scores indicate the course of mental activity predominantly according to the male type, low - according to the female type.

Interpretation of the results obtained.

Scale No. 1. Neuroticism.

The most common characteristics of persons with high marks on the “neuroticism” scale are high anxiety, excitability combined with rapid exhaustion. These features make them similar to people with a weak type of nervous system.

In the case of high values ​​of the “neuroticism” factor, as in the case of the sensitive type of nervous system, the leading feature is a decrease in excitability thresholds, increased sensitivity. As a result, insignificant and indifferent stimuli easily cause outbreaks of irritation and excitement.

Typically, those functions that are marked by increased excitability are characterized by increased exhaustion and fatigue. Therefore, increased excitability of individuals with high values ​​of the “neuroticism” factor, as well as individuals with a weak type of nervous system, is combined with increased exhaustion, which manifests itself in the rapid extinction of outbursts of excitement.

For persons with low grades The “neuroticism” factor is characterized by calmness, ease, emotional maturity, objectivity in assessing oneself and other people, constancy in plans and attachments. They are active, active, initiative, ambitious, prone to rivalry and competition. They are distinguished by seriousness and realism, a good understanding of reality, and high demands on themselves. They do not hide their own shortcomings and mistakes from themselves, do not get upset over trifles, feel well adjusted, and willingly obey group norms.

Apparently, the general picture of behavior is characterized by a feeling of strength and vigor. Health, freedom from anxiety, neurotic stiffness, from overestimating oneself and one’s personal problems and from excessive worry about possible rejection of them by other people.

Scale No. 2. Spontaneous aggressiveness.

High marks on the "spontaneous aggressiveness" scale "indicate a lack of social conformity, moderate self-control and impulsiveness. Apparently, this is due to insufficient socialization of drives, the inability or unwillingness to restrain or delay the satisfaction of their desires. These individuals have a strong desire for acute affective experiences, in the absence of which, a feeling of boredom prevails. The need for stimulation and exciting situations makes any delay intolerable. They strive to satisfy their desires immediately in direct behavior, without seriously thinking about the consequences of their actions, they act impulsively and thoughtlessly. Therefore, they do not benefit from their negative experience, they repeatedly encounter difficulties of the same nature.

With superficial contacts, they are able to make a favorable impression on others due to their freedom from restrictions, relaxedness and self-confidence. They are talkative, willingly participate in collective events, quickly respond to any events that occur (messages, sights, incidents, etc.), find novelty and interest even in everyday small matters. However, lack of restraint and prudence can lead to various excesses (drunkenness, idleness, neglect of one’s responsibilities), which cannot but repel others. Low ratings on the “spontaneous aggressiveness” scale indicate increased identification with social requirements, conformity, compliance, restraint, cautious behavior, possibly a narrowing of the range of interests and weakening of drives. To such persons, everything seems boring and uninteresting; they are indifferent and tired of everything. They do not see anything attractive in the events that captivate those around them, and they also do not have their own hobbies. They don’t like change, they approach new things with caution and prejudice, and they value commitment more than talent.

Scale No. 3. Depression.

High marks on the “depressive” scale are typical for persons with a low background mood. Immersed in their own experiences, they cause hostility and irritation in others. They may be considered arrogant, inaccessible, avoiding communication due to excessive self-conceit. However, behind the external facade of alienation and gloom lies sensitivity, spiritual responsiveness, constant readiness for self-sacrifice. In a close circle of close friends, they lose their stiffness and isolation, come to life, become cheerful, talkative, even jokers and humorists. In their affairs, they are characterized by diligence, conscientiousness, commitment, combined with conformity and indecisiveness, inability make a decision without hesitation and uncertainty.Any activity for them is difficult, unpleasant, proceeds with a feeling of excessive mental stress, quickly tires, causes a feeling of complete powerlessness and exhaustion.

They are especially sensitive to intellectual stress. It is difficult to achieve long-term intellectual tension from them. Getting tired quickly, they lose the voluntary control of mental processes, complain of a general feeling of heaviness, laziness, emptiness in the head, and becoming lethargic.

Here, apparently, the general psychomotor retardation that accompanies a decrease in mood is affected, which is also manifested in slowness of speech and thinking. They are often reproached for slowness, inefficiency, lack of persistence and determination. Most often, they are not capable of long-term volitional effort, they are easily lost, and fall into despair. They see only mistakes and mistakes in what has been done, and insurmountable difficulties in what is to come. They experience real troubles especially painfully, cannot get them out of their heads, and again and again blame themselves “for all mortal sins.” Events of the past and real life, regardless of their actual content, cause remorse, a depressing premonition of troubles and misfortunes.

Low ratings on the “depressiveness” scale reflect natural cheerfulness, energy and enterprise. The subjects of this group are distinguished by their wealth, flexibility and versatility of the psyche, ease in interpersonal relationships, self-confidence, success in performing various types of activities that require activity, enthusiasm and determination. However, lack of inhibition and lack of impulse control can lead to broken promises, inconsistency, carelessness, which leads to loss of trust and resentment from friends.

Scale No. 4. Irritability.

Poor self-regulation of mental states, often incapable of work that requires a certain amount of tension, a higher level of control over actions, volitional efforts, concentration, and composure. Situations with a high degree of uncertainty are poorly tolerated, regarding them as difficult to overcome. They get lost easily and fall into despair. Acutely experiencing their failure, they can, along with self-accusatory reactions, demonstrate hostility towards others. Conflict behavior is usually the most frequently chosen form of defense against traumatic experiences. Traits of demonstrativeness can be combined with a desire to leave the circle of wide social contacts.

Persons with high marks According to the “irritability” factor, they are prone to inconstancy, shirk their duties, ignore generally accepted rules, make no effort to comply with social requirements and cultural norms, disdain moral values, and are capable of dishonesty and lies for their own benefit.

High scores on the “irritability” factor are more typical for individuals with a stable range of neurotic reactions, but can also manifest themselves in antisocial psychopaths and delinquents. For persons with low values The “irritability” factor is characterized by such features as a sense of responsibility, conscientiousness, and firm moral principles. In their behavior, they are guided by a sense of duty, strictly observe ethical standards, and always strive to fulfill social requirements. These individuals are deeply decent not because they monitor their behavior, but because of their internal standards and demands on themselves. They respect moral standards, are precise and careful in business, love order in everything, respect laws, and do not engage in dishonest acts, even if this does not threaten any consequences. High conscientiousness is usually combined with high control and a desire to promote universal human values. This factor positively correlates with educational success and the level of achievement in the social sphere. It is typical for persons whose profession requires accuracy, commitment and conscientiousness: administrators, lawyers, notaries, proofreaders, etc.

Scale No. 5. Sociability.

For high values The sociability factor is characterized by richness and brightness of emotional manifestations, naturalness and ease of behavior, willingness to cooperate, sensitive, attentive attitude towards people, kindness and kindness. Such persons are sociable, have many close friends, and in friendship they are caring, responsive, warm in relationships, always show active participation in the fate of their comrades, know about their experiences, joys and concerns. They themselves worry and rejoice with them, actively help others, and take an ardent part in their personal lives. They have a wide circle of friends and acquaintances and get along with people easily. People are drawn to them, everyone feels comfortable and calm in their company. They themselves feel better in public, are bored alone, seek company, willingly take part in all group activities, love to work and relax in a team.

For low values the factor “sociability” is characterized by such traits as coldness, formality interpersonal relationships. Persons with low scores on the sociability factor avoid intimacy, are not interested in the lives of others, and support only external forms of relationships. The company of people does not attract them, they love loneliness, they are burdened by contacts and communication, they prefer to “communicate” with books and things. On their own initiative they do not communicate with anyone except their immediate family.

Scale No. 6. Equilibrium .

High marks according to the “balance” factor, they indicate the absence of internal tension, freedom from conflicts, satisfaction with oneself and one’s successes, and readiness to follow norms and requirements.

Low ratings according to the “balance” factor, they indicate a state of maladjustment, anxiety, loss of control over drives, and pronounced disorganization of behavior.

IN candid stories self-reported complaints about insomnia, chronic fatigue and exhaustion, one’s own inferiority and inability, helplessness, loss of strength, inability to concentrate, understand one’s own experiences, a feeling of unbearable loneliness and many others. Such people are characterized by others as conflicting, stubborn, isolated and disordered in behavior. Lack of conformity and discipline is the most common external characteristic of their behavior. A more detailed individual characteristic of persons with a high level of disordered behavior can be obtained from assessments on lower-level scales that form this factor.

Scale No. 7. Reactive aggressiveness .

High marks are evidence of moral inferiority, the absence of higher social feelings.

Feelings of pride, duty, love, shame, etc. for such people - empty words. They are indifferent to praise and punishment, neglect responsibilities and moral and ethical standards.

With a decrease in spiritual interests, vital drives are strengthened. These test takers are distinguished by a great love for sensual pleasures and pleasures. Craving for pleasure and thrills stronger than any delays or restrictions. They strive for immediate, urgent satisfaction of their desires, regardless of the circumstances and desires of others. Criticism and remarks addressed to oneself are perceived as an encroachment on personal freedom. They experience hostile feelings towards those individuals who, at least to some extent, try to control their behavior and force them to stay within socially acceptable limits.

Despite the violent emotions when desires arise and the activity in obtaining satisfaction, their desires are unstable. Satiety quickly sets in with a feeling of boredom and irritation. Previously ready to do anything to satisfy their passion, they suddenly become cold or cruel. They take special pleasure in showing their power and making loved ones suffer, whose favor they just recently so strenuously sought.

Extreme selfishness and selfishness determine all their actions and behavior. To satisfy your own desires and ambition, they are ready to expend a lot of effort and energy, but do not consider it necessary to fulfill their obligations to other people.

Low ratings on the “reactive aggressiveness” scale indicate increased identification with social norms, conformity, compliance, modesty, dependence, and possibly a narrow range of interests. Persons with low scores on this scale are inactive, constrained, timid, soft, and are content with what is already accessible and available. In their activities they lack assertiveness and perseverance, especially in achieving purely personal goals. They are submissive, compliant, agree too easily with power and authority, are always ready to listen and accept advice from an older or experienced person, their own activity is insufficient.

Scale No. 8. Shyness.

High marks according to the factor indicate indecision and self-doubt. Such people are afraid of everything, avoid risky situations, meet unexpected events with anxiety, and expect only trouble from any changes.

When faced with the need to make a decision, they either hesitate excessively or delay it for a long time and do not begin to implement it. The phase of the struggle of motives and hesitations is prolonged until it is impossible to move on to a decision.

In communication, they are shy, constrained, shy, they try not to show off, stay in the shadows and not interfere in anything. Large companies are avoided; a narrow circle of old, trusted friends is preferred to wide communication.

Persons having low ratings according to the “shyness” factor, they are courageous, decisive, prone to risk, and do not get lost when faced with unfamiliar things and circumstances. They make decisions quickly and immediately begin to implement them, they do not know how to wait patiently, they cannot tolerate delays and hesitations, duality and ambivalence. In a team they behave freely, independently, even somewhat arrogantly, they take liberties, like to interfere in everything, and always be in sight.

Low scores for this factor are found in people whose profession is associated with risk (acrobats, pilots, race drivers, firefighters, stuntmen, etc.).

Scale No. 9. Openness.

This scale allows you to assess the reliability of the results and, to a certain extent, correct the conclusion. It is generally accepted that if a subject scores from 8 to 10 points on this scale (primary indicators), then this result indicates his adequate reaction to the test procedure, his readiness to answer with minimal subjective distortions.

Scale No. 10. Extroversion - introversion.

High marks on the “extraversion - introversion” scale are typical for extroverted, active, ambitious individuals who strive for social recognition and leadership, who are not embarrassed when people pay attention to them, who do not experience difficulties in communication, in establishing contacts, and who willingly take on leading roles in relationships with others. These individuals have great social dexterity, lively speech, high activity, skillfully evaluate relationships in a team and know how to use other people to achieve their own goals. They attach great importance to social success and seek public recognition of their personal merits by all means, which can cause dissatisfaction on the part of those people with whom they have to deal.

Low ratings on the introversion scale indicate difficulties in contacts and a desire for activities not related to broad communication. Introverted subjects in situations of forced communication easily lose peace of mind. Perhaps for this reason they try to maintain distance in relationships. However, they are not affected by their aloofness, they simply try to stay in the shadows, without interfering in anything or imposing their point of view. Pretense and intrigue are not typical of them; they respect the rights of others, value individuality and originality in people, and believe that everyone has the right to their own point of view.

They pay great attention to work, see the meaning of life in this, value professionalism and skill, and consider a job well done as a personal reward.

Scale No. 11. Emotional lability.

High marks according to the “emotional lability” factor, they indicate a subtle spiritual organization, sensitivity, vulnerability, artistry, and artistic perception of the environment. Individuals who score high on this factor cannot tolerate rude words, rude people, or rude work. Real life hurts them easily. They are soft, feminine, immersed in fantasy, poetry and music; “animal” needs do not interest them. Although in behavior they are courteous, polite and delicate, they try not to cause inconvenience to other people, with special love from the team.

High scores on the “emotional lability” factor may be associated with a state of maladjustment, anxiety, loss of control over impulses, and severe disorganization of behavior. Low ratings according to the factor, they are found in people who are emotionally mature, not prone to fantasies, and who think soberly and realistically. Their interests are narrow and uniform, they are not interested in subjective and spiritual values, art does not captivate them, science seems boring, overly abstract and divorced from life. In their behavior, they are guided by reliable, truly tangible values, and do nothing without personal gain. The successes of other people and their own are assessed by material wealth and official position. Although in communication they lack delicacy and tact, they enjoy sympathy and respect from people; their rudeness and harshness often does not offend, but attracts people to themselves; they see in it not manifestations of bitterness, but directness and frankness. They are characterized by a lack of internal tension, freedom from conflicts, satisfaction with themselves and their successes, and a willingness to follow norms and requirements.

Scale No. 12. Masculinity - femininity.

High marks on the “masculinity-femininity” scale indicate courage, enterprise, a desire for self-affirmation, a tendency to take risks, and take quick, decisive actions without sufficient thought and justification.

The interests of such people are narrow and practical, their judgments are sober and realistic, their behavior lacks originality and originality. They try to avoid complex, confusing situations and neglect shades and halftones. They have a poor understanding of the true motives of their own and others’ behavior, are condescending towards their weaknesses, are not prone to reflection and introspection, love sensual pleasures, and believe in strength, not art.

Persons with low grades on the scale are sensitive, prone to worry, soft, compliant, modest in behavior, but not in self-esteem. They have a wide variety of, poorly differentiated interests, a developed imagination, a craving for fantasy and aesthetic studies. They show interest in philosophical, moral, ethical and ideological problems and at times demonstrate excessive preoccupation with personal problems, a tendency to introspection and self-criticism. This absorption in personal problems and experiences is neither neurotic nor infantile. They have a heightened interest in people and the nuances of interpersonal relationships, and they have an understanding of the driving forces of human behavior. Their behavior lacks courage, determination and perseverance. They avoid competition, give in easily, and accept help and support. They are able to accurately feel other people, know how to express their thoughts emotionally, interest other people in their problems, and gently, without pressure, win them over to their side.

Scales: extraversion - introversion, neuroticism - stability

Purpose of the test

The questionnaire is a technique developed by G. Eysenck for diagnosing individual psychological properties of a person.

The questionnaire consists of 70 questions, 24 of which are aimed at diagnosing extraversion, 24 at diagnosing neuroticism, 2 questions are masking questions, they do not provide any information about the subject. And finally, the remaining 20 questions form the so-called “lie scale,” the main task of which is to provide information about the reliability of the subject’s answers on the extraversion and neuroticism scales.

Test instructions

You are asked to answer questions regarding your usual behavior. Try to imagine typical situations and give the first “natural” answer that comes to your mind.

If you agree with the statement, put “+” (yes) next to its number; if not, put a “-” sign (no); if you find it difficult to answer, put “?”. Answer quickly and accurately. Remember that there are no “good” or “bad” answers.

Test

1. Would you like to limit your circle of acquaintances to only a few selected people?
2. Do you prefer to act yourself rather than plan the actions of others?
3. Do you always quickly find an appropriate response to a critical remark addressed to you?
4. Do you often dream of impossible things?
5. As a child, did you immediately and without arguing everything that was required of you?
6. Is it typical for you to act quickly and confidently?
7. Do you ever have an acute feeling of disappointment?
8. Do you sometimes put off until tomorrow what needs to be done today?
9. Do you consider your work to be ordinary and prosaic?
10. Are you often “out of sorts”?
11. Do you tend to reflect on your past?
12. If you promised something, do you always keep your word no matter what?
13. Do you like to be surrounded by people?
14. Do you tend to be somewhat timid in the presence of people of the other sex?
15. Do you ever get angry?
16. Do you often feel lonely?
17. Do you tend to be touchy?
18. Do you often find out that you made a decision too late?
19. Are you completely free from all prejudices?
20. Can you call yourself very conscientious?
21. Do you like to play pranks on others?
22. Does it happen that you react to an indecent joke with laughter?
23. Do you notice that it is often difficult for you to concentrate?
24. Do you seem to yourself to be overly nervous and internally tense?
25. When a critical moment is over, do you usually feel like you should have done something differently?
26. When you play with someone, do you want to win?
27. Do you consider your occupation as something that is very important and dear to you?
28. Do you often find it difficult to gather your thoughts before a difficult conversation?
29. Are you always pleased when a person you don’t like achieves well-deserved success?
30. Does it happen that an influx of thoughts prevents you from falling asleep?
31. Do you tend to brag sometimes?
32. Do you feel at ease and at ease in a cheerful company?
33. Do you like to indulge in dreams?
34. Do you often feel tired and apathetic for no particular reason?
35. Are all your habits positive?
36. Does it ever happen that you want to be alone?
37. Is it common for you to speak less than others in society?
38. Are you at times full of energy and at times lethargic?
39. Do you always immediately respond to letters of a personal nature?
40. Can you be called talkative?
41. Do you sometimes have thoughts that you are ashamed to tell others about?
42. Are you very unhappy when you don’t have the opportunity to communicate with many people?
43. Do you like to take part in activities that require speed and determination?
44. Do you often remember the bright episodes of your life?
45. Does it happen that you argue about things that you know too little about?
46. ​​Does it happen that you cannot get rid of annoying thoughts?
47. Do people around you consider you a lively and lively person?
48. Do you sometimes like to gossip?
49. Do you get upset easily?
50. Has it ever happened that you told a lie?
51. Do you tend to take on a leadership role in joint actions?
52. Would you call yourself carefree?
53. Do you ever have financial difficulties?
54. Do you have periods of such restlessness that you cannot sit in one place for a long time?
55. Do you consider yourself a cheerful person?
56. Have you ever been late?
57. Do you sometimes suddenly feel pitiful and unhappy?
58. Do you experience some feelings of guilt?
59. Are you prone to frequent mood swings?
60. Do you like to have a lot of social activities?
61. Does it happen that you lose your temper?
62. Do you sometimes suddenly experience causeless joy or sadness?
63. Is it difficult for you to feel completely free in a relaxed company?
64. Do you often get up and change your mood?
65. Will you go to the cinema without a ticket if you are firmly convinced that you will not be checked?
66. Do you like work that requires concentration on small details?
67. Do you try to avoid performing public assignments?
68. Do worries often cause you insomnia?
69. Of all the people you know, are there any people you really dislike?
70. Do you tend to be the first to come into contact with stranger?

Processing and interpretation of test results

Key to the test

+ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 +
0 E- E+ E+ N+ L+ E+ 0 L- E+ N+ 0
10 N+ L+ E+ E- L- N+ N+ N+ L+ E- 10
20 E+ L- N+ N+ N+ L- E- N+ L+ N+ 20
30 L- E+ N+ N+ L+ 0 E- N+ L+ E+ 30
40 L- E+ E+ N+ L- N+ E+ L- N+ L- 40
50 E+ E+ L- N+ E+ L- N+ N+ N+ E+ 50
60 L- N+ E- N+ L- E- E- N+ L- E+ 60

E - extraversion;
. N - neuroticism;
. L - lie scale;
. 0 - camouflage questions.

For an answer that matches the key, two points are given, for “?” - one point, for non-matching - 0 points.

Interpretation of test results

The interpretation of the test results is carried out on the basis of the psychological characteristics of the individual corresponding to one or another square of the coordinate model, taking into account the degree of expression of individual psychological properties and the degree of reliability of the data obtained.

When needed: to diagnose the mental state and properties of an employee, which are of paramount importance for the process of social, professional adaptation and behavior regulation.

FPI Questionnaire

Instructions

There are a number of statements, each of which implies a question relating to you about whether this statement corresponds or does not correspond to some features of your behavior, individual actions, attitude towards people, outlook on life, etc.

If you think that such a correspondence exists, then answer “yes”; otherwise, answer “no”. Record your answer on the answer sheet you have by placing a cross in the box that corresponds to the number of the statement in the questionnaire and the type of your answer.

Answers must be given to all questions.

The success of the study largely depends on how carefully the task is carried out.

In no case should you try to make a better impression on someone with your answers, since no answer is rated as good or bad. You should not think about each question for a long time, but try to decide as quickly as possible which of the two answers, albeit very relatively, still seems closer to the truth. You should not be embarrassed if some of the questions seem too personal, since the study does not provide an analysis of each question and answer, but is based only on the number of answers of one type and another.

In addition, you should know that the results of individual psychological studies, like medical ones, are not subject to wide discussion.

Test

Statement question	Answer
	Yes	No
1. I have carefully read the instructions and am ready to answer all the questions in the questionnaire frankly.
2. In the evenings, I prefer to have fun in a fun company (guests, disco, cafe, etc.)
3. My desire to get to know someone is always hampered by the fact that it is difficult for me to find a suitable topic for conversation.
4. I often have headaches
5. Sometimes I feel a pounding in my temples and a pulsation in my neck.
6. I quickly lose my temper, but I also quickly pull myself together.
7. It happens that I laugh at an indecent joke.
8. I avoid asking questions and prefer to find out what I need in another way.
9. I prefer not to enter a room unless I am sure that my presence will go unnoticed.
10. I can get so angry that I’m ready to break everything I can get my hands on.
11. I feel awkward if people around me for some reason start paying attention to me.
12. I sometimes feel that my heart starts to work irregularly or begins to beat so that it seems ready to jump out of my chest.
13. I don’t think it would be possible to forgive an offense
14. I don’t think that evil should be answered with evil, and I always follow this
15. If I was sitting and then suddenly stood up, my vision becomes dark and my head feels dizzy.
16. I think almost daily about how much better my life would be if I weren’t plagued by failures.
17. In my actions, I never assume that people can be completely trusted.
18. I can resort to physical force if I need to defend my interests.
19. I can easily cheer up the most boring company
20. I get embarrassed easily
21. I am not at all offended if comments are made about my work or me personally.
22. I often feel my hands and feet going numb or cold.
23. I am awkward when communicating with other people.
24. Sometimes I feel depressed and unhappy for no apparent reason.
25. Sometimes you have no desire to do anything.
26. Sometimes I feel like I’m short of breath, like I’m doing very hard work.
27. It seems to me that I have done a lot of things wrong in my life.
28. It seems to me that others often laugh at me.
29. I love tasks when you can act without much thought.
30. I believe that I have plenty of reasons to not be very happy with my fate.
31. I often have no appetite
32. As a child, I was happy if parents or teachers punished other children.
33. I am usually decisive and act quickly.
34. I don't always tell the truth
35. I watch with interest when someone tries to get out of an unpleasant situation.
36. I believe that all means are good if you need to insist on your own
37. What has passed doesn’t bother me much
38. I can’t imagine anything that would be worth proving with your fists.
39. I do not avoid meeting people who, it seems to me, are looking for a quarrel with me.
40. Sometimes it seems like I’m good for nothing at all.
41. It seems to me that I am constantly under some kind of tension and it is difficult for me to relax
42. I often have pain in the pit of my stomach and various unpleasant sensations in my stomach
43. If my friend is offended, I try to take revenge on the offender
44. Sometimes I was late for the appointed time
45. It happened in my life that for some reason I allowed myself to torture an animal
46. ​​When I meet an old acquaintance, I am ready to throw myself on his neck with joy.
47. When I’m afraid of something, my mouth becomes dry, my arms and legs tremble.
48. I am often in such a mood that I would gladly not see or hear anything
49. When I go to bed, I usually fall asleep within a few minutes.
50. It gives me pleasure, as they say, to rub others’ noses in their mistakes.
51. Sometimes I can brag
52. I actively participate in organizing social events
53. It often happens that you have to look the other way to avoid an unwanted meeting
54. In my defense, I sometimes made things up.
55. I am almost always mobile and active
56. I often doubt whether my interlocutors are really interested in what I say.
57. Sometimes I suddenly feel like I’m covered in sweat
58. If I get really angry with someone, I might hit them.
59. I don’t care much if someone treats me badly.
60. I usually find it difficult to argue with people I know.
61. I worry and worry even at the thought of possible failure.
62. I don’t love all my friends
63. I have thoughts that I should be ashamed of.
64. I don’t know why, but sometimes there is a desire to ruin what one admires.
65. I prefer to force anyone to do what I need than to ask him to do it.
66. I often move my arm or leg restlessly
67. I prefer to spend a free evening doing what I love rather than having fun in a fun company
68. I behave differently in company than at home.
69. Sometimes, without thinking, I’ll say something about which it would be better to remain silent.
70. I’m afraid to become the center of attention even in familiar company.
71. I have very few good friends
72. Sometimes there are periods when bright light, bright colors, strong noise cause painfully unpleasant sensations in me, although I see that this does not affect other people
73. In company, I often have the desire to offend or anger someone
74. Sometimes I think that it would be better not to be born, as soon as I imagine how many different troubles I might have to experience in life
75. If someone seriously offends me, they will get what they deserve in full.
76. I don’t mince words if they make me angry
77. I like to ask a question or answer it in such a way that the interlocutor is confused
78. I used to put off something that needed to be done immediately
79. I don’t like telling jokes or funny stories.
80. Everyday difficulties and worries often throw me off balance.
81. I don’t know what to do when meeting a person who was in a company where I behaved awkwardly
82. Unfortunately, I am one of the people who react violently even to the little things in life.
83. I feel shy when speaking in front of a large audience.
84. My mood changes quite often
85. I get tired faster than most people around me.
86. If I’m very excited or irritated by something, I feel it with my whole body
87. I am bothered by unpleasant thoughts that intrusively creep into my head.
88. Unfortunately, neither my family nor my friends understand me.
89. If I sleep less than usual today, I won’t feel rested tomorrow.
90. I try to behave in such a way that others are afraid of causing my displeasure.
91. I am confident in my future
92. Sometimes I was the reason for the bad mood of someone around me
93. I don't mind laughing at others
94. I am one of those people who “do not mince words”
95. I belong to people who take everything quite lightly
96. As a teenager, I showed interest in taboo topics.
97. Sometimes for some reason I hurt my loved ones
98. I often have conflicts with others because of their stubbornness.
99. I often feel remorse for my actions.
100. I am often absent-minded
101. I don’t remember being particularly saddened by the failures of a person I can’t stand.
102. I often become annoyed with others too quickly.
103. Sometimes, unexpectedly for myself, I begin to speak confidently about things about which I actually know little.
104. I am often in such a mood that I am ready to explode for any reason.
105. I often feel lethargic and tired.
106. I love talking with people and am always ready to talk with both acquaintances and strangers
107. Unfortunately, I am often too quick to judge other people.
108. I usually get up in a good mood in the morning and often start whistling or humming.
109. I don’t feel confident in solving important issues even after much thought.
110. It turns out that in an argument I for some reason try to speak louder than my opponent
111. Disappointments do not cause me strong and lasting feelings.
112. It happens that I suddenly start biting my lips or biting my nails.
113. I feel happiest when I am alone
114. Sometimes you are so bored that you want everyone to quarrel with each other. Please check if all questions have been answered

Thank you for your responses!

Key to the FPI test (personality research technique)

Description

The personality questionnaire was created mainly for applied research, taking into account the experience of constructing and using such well-known questionnaires as 16PF, MMPI, EPI, etc.

The scales of the questionnaire are formed on the basis of the results of factor analysis and reflect a set of interrelated factors. The questionnaire is designed to diagnose states and personality traits that are of paramount importance for the process of social adaptation and regulation of behavior.

The FPI questionnaire contains 12 scales. The total number of questions in the questionnaire is 114.

One (first) question is not included in any of the scales, since it is of a testing nature. Questionnaire scales I–IX are basic, or basic, and X–XII are derivative, integrating. Derived scales are made up of questions from the main scales and are sometimes designated not by numbers, but by the letters E, N and M, respectively.

The study can be conducted individually or with a group of subjects. In the latter case, it is necessary that each of them have not only a personal response form, but also a separate questionnaire with instructions. Test subjects should be placed so as not to interfere with each other during work.

Description of scales

Scale I (neuroticism) characterizes the level of neuroticism of the individual. High scores correspond to a pronounced neurotic syndrome of the asthenic type with significant psychosomatic disorders.

Scale II (spontaneous aggressiveness) allows you to identify and evaluate introtensive type psychopathization. High scores indicate an increased level of psychopathization, which creates the preconditions for impulsive behavior.

Scale III (depressiveness) makes it possible to diagnose signs characteristic of psychopathological depressive syndrome. High scores on the scale correspond to the presence of these signs in the emotional state, in behavior, in attitudes towards oneself and towards the social environment.

Scale IV (irritability) allows you to judge emotional stability. High scores indicate an unstable emotional state with a tendency to react emotionally.

Scale V (sociability) characterizes both potential opportunities and actual manifestations of social activity. High scores indicate the presence of a pronounced need for communication and constant readiness to satisfy this need.

Scale VI (balance) reflects resistance to stress. High scores indicate good protection against stress factors in ordinary life situations, based on self-confidence, optimism and activity.

Scale VII (reactive aggressiveness) aims to identify the presence of signs of extra-intense psychopathization. High scores indicate a high level of psychopathization, characterized by an aggressive attitude towards the social environment and a pronounced desire for dominance.

Scale VIII (shyness) reflects a predisposition to a stressful response to ordinary life situations, occurring in a passive-defensive manner. High scores on the scale reflect the presence of anxiety, stiffness, and uncertainty, which results in difficulties in social contacts.

Scale IX (openness) allows you to characterize your attitude towards the social environment and the level of self-criticism. High scores indicate a desire for trusting and frank interaction with other people with a high level of self-criticism.

Ratings on this scale can, to one degree or another, contribute to the analysis of the sincerity of the subject’s answers when working with this questionnaire, which corresponds to the lie scales of other questionnaires.

X scale (extraversion-introversion). High scores on the scale correspond to a pronounced extroverted personality, low scores correspond to a pronounced introverted personality.

Scale XI (emotional lability). High scores indicate instability of the emotional state, manifested in frequent mood swings, increased excitability, irritability, and insufficient self-regulation. Low scores can characterize not only high stability of the emotional state as such, but also good self-control.

Scale XII (masculinism-feminism). High scores indicate the course of mental activity predominantly according to the male type, low - according to the female type.

Processing the results

The first procedure concerns obtaining primary, or “raw” estimates. To implement it, it is necessary to prepare matrix forms of the keys of each scale based on the general key of the questionnaire. To do this, in blank answer sheets identical to those used by the subjects, “windows” are cut out in the cells corresponding to the question number and answer option. The templates obtained in this way, one by one, in accordance with the serial number of the scale, are superimposed on the answer sheet filled out by the student. The number of marks (crosses) that coincide with the “windows” of the template is counted. The obtained values ​​are entered in the primary assessment column of the lesson protocol.

The second procedure involves converting primary ratings into standard ratings on a nine-point scale using a table. The obtained values ​​of standard assessments are indicated in the corresponding column of the protocol by applying a symbol (circle, cross, etc.) at the point corresponding to the value of the standard assessment on each scale. By connecting the indicated points with straight lines, we obtain a graphic image of the personality profile.

Analysis of the results should begin by reviewing all the answer sheets filled out by the subjects, clarifying what answer was given to the first question.

If the answer is negative, meaning the subject’s reluctance to answer frankly the questions posed, the study should be considered failed.

If the answer to the first question is positive, after processing the research results, the graphical representation of the personality profile is carefully studied, and all high and low scores are highlighted. Low scores include scores in the range of 1–3 points, medium scores are 4–6 points, and high scores are 7–9 points.

Particular attention should be paid to the rating on scale IX, which is important for the overall reliability of the answers.

Key to the test

Scale number	Scale name and number of questions	Answers by question numbers
		Yes	No
I	Neuroticism 17	4, 5, 12, 15, 22, 26, 31, 41, 42, 57, 66, 72, 85, 86, 89, 105	49
II	Spontaneous aggressiveness 13	32, 35, 45, 50, 64, 73, 77, 93, 97, 98, 103, 112, 114	99
III	Depression 14	16, 24, 27, 28, 30, 40, 48, 56, 61, 74, 84, 87, 88, 100	–
IV	Irritability 11	6, 10, 58, 69, 76, 80, 82, 102, 104, 107, 110	–
V	Sociability 15	2, 19, 46, 52, 55, 94, 106	3, 8, 23, 53, 67, 71, 79, 113
VI	Poise 10	14, 21, 29, 37, 38, 59, 91, 95, 108, 111	–
VII	Reactive aggressiveness 10	13, 17, 18, 36, 39, 43, 65, 75, 90, 98
VIII	Shyness 10	9, 11, 20, 47, 60, 70, 81, 83, 109	33
IX	Openness 13	7, 25, 34, 44, 51, 54, 62, 63, 68, 78, 92, 96, 101	–
X	Extroversion-introversion 12	2, 29, 46, 51, 55, 76, 93, 95, 106, 110	20,87
XI	Emotional lability 14	24, 25, 40, 48, 80, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 102, 112, 113	59
XII	Masculinism-feminism 15	18, 29, 33, 50, 52, 58, 59, 65, 91, 104	16, 20, 31, 47, 84

Converting primary estimates to standard ones

Initial assessment	Standard rating scales
	I	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII	VIII	IX	X	XI	XII
0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
1	1	1	3	3	1	1	3	3	1	1	2	1
2	4	3	4	4	1	2	4	5	1	1	3	1
3	4	4	4	5	1	3	5	6	2	2	4	1
4	5	5	5	6	2	4	6	6	3	3	4	1
5	5	5	6	7	2	5	7	7	3	4	5	2
6	6	7	6	7	3	6	8	7	4	4	6	3
7	7	8	7	8	4	8	9	9	5	6	7	5
8	7	8	7	8	4	8	9	9	5	6	7	5
9	8	8	8	9	5	9	9	9	6	7	8	6
10	8	9	8	9	5	9	9	9	8	8	8	8
11	8	9	8	9	6	–	–	–	8	9	8	8
12	8	9	9	–	7	–	–	–	9	9	9	9
13	9	9	9	–	8	–	–	–	9	–	9	9
14	9	–	9	–	9	–	–	–	–	–	9	9
15	9	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	9
16	9	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
17	9	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–

Interpretation of the result

Low scores include scores in the range of 1–3 points, medium scores are 4–6 points, and high scores are 7–9 points. Particular attention should be paid to the rating on scale IX, which is important for the overall reliability of the answers.

Interpretation of the results obtained, psychological conclusions and recommendations should be given based on an understanding of the essence of the questions in each scale, the deep connections of the studied factors with each other and with other psychological and psychophysiological characteristics and their role in human behavior and activity.

Scale I – neuroticism

Scale I (neuroticism) characterizes the level of neuroticism of the individual.

High scores correspond to a pronounced neurotic syndrome of the asthenic type with significant psychosomatic disorders. The most common characteristics of individuals with high scores on the “neuroticism” scale are high anxiety, excitability combined with rapid exhaustion. These features make them similar to people with a weak type of nervous system.

In the case of high values ​​of the “neuroticism” factor, as in the case of a weak type of nervous system, the leading feature is a decrease in excitability thresholds and increased sensitivity. As a result, insignificant and indifferent stimuli easily cause inadequate violent outbursts of irritation and excitement.

Typically, those functions that are marked by increased excitability are characterized by increased exhaustion and fatigue. Therefore, increased excitability of individuals with high values ​​of the “neuroticism” factor, as well as individuals with a weak type of nervous system, is combined with increased exhaustion, which is manifested in the rapid extinction of outbursts of excitement, tearfulness in anger and transient weakness.

Individuals with low scores on the “neuroticism” factor are characterized by calmness, ease, emotional maturity, objectivity in assessing themselves and other people, and constancy in plans and attachments. They are active, active, initiative, ambitious, prone to rivalry and competition. They are distinguished by seriousness and realism, a good understanding of reality, and high demands on themselves. They do not hide their own shortcomings and mistakes from themselves, do not get upset over trifles, feel well adjusted, and willingly obey group norms.

Apparently, the general picture of behavior is characterized by a feeling of strength, vigor, health, freedom from anxiety, neurotic stiffness, from overestimation of oneself and one’s personal problems, and from excessive worry about the possible rejection of them by other people.

Scale II – spontaneous aggressiveness

Scale II (spontaneous aggressiveness) allows you to identify and evaluate introtensive type psychopathization.

High scores indicate an increased level of psychopathization, which creates the preconditions for impulsive behavior, a lack of social conformity, and poor self-control. Apparently, this is due to insufficient socialization of drives, inability or unwillingness to restrain or delay the satisfaction of one’s desires. These individuals have a strong desire for acute affective experiences, in the absence of which a feeling of boredom prevails. The need for stimulation and exciting situations makes any delay intolerable. They strive to satisfy their desires immediately in direct behavior, without seriously thinking about the consequences of their actions, they act impulsively and thoughtlessly. Therefore, they do not benefit from their negative experiences; they repeatedly encounter difficulties of the same nature.

With superficial contacts, they are able to make a favorable impression on others due to their freedom from restrictions, relaxedness and self-confidence. They are talkative, willingly participate in collective events, respond vividly to any events that occur (messages, sights, incidents, etc.), find novelty and interest even in everyday small matters. However, lack of restraint and prudence can lead to various excesses (drunkenness, idleness, neglect of one’s responsibilities), which cannot but repel others. Low scores on the “spontaneous aggressiveness” scale indicate increased identification with social demands, conformity, compliance, restraint, cautious behavior, possibly a narrowing of the range of interests and weakening of drives. To such persons, everything seems boring and uninteresting; they are indifferent and tired of everything. They do not see anything attractive in the events that captivate those around them, and they also do not have their own hobbies. They don’t like change, they approach new things with caution and prejudice, and they value commitment more than talent.

Scale III – depression

Scale III (depressiveness) makes it possible to diagnose signs characteristic of psychopathological depressive syndrome.

High scores on the scale correspond to the presence of these signs in the emotional state, in behavior, in attitudes towards oneself and towards the social environment. High scores on the “depressiveness” scale are typical for individuals with low mood levels. Constantly gloomy, gloomy, fenced off, immersed in their own experiences, they cause hostility and irritation among others. They may be considered arrogant, inaccessible, and avoid communication due to excessive self-importance. However, behind the external façade of aloofness and gloom lies sensitivity, spiritual responsiveness, and constant readiness for self-sacrifice. In a close circle of close friends, they lose their inhibitions and isolation, come to life, become cheerful, talkative, even jokers and comedians. In their affairs, they are characterized by diligence, conscientiousness, commitment, combined with conformity and indecisiveness, the inability to make a decision without hesitation and uncertainty. Any activity for them is difficult, unpleasant, proceeds with a feeling of excessive mental stress, quickly tires, and causes a feeling of complete powerlessness and exhaustion.

They are especially sensitive to intellectual stress. It is difficult to achieve long-term intellectual tension from them. Getting tired quickly, they lose the voluntary control of mental processes, complain of a general feeling of heaviness, “laziness,” emptiness in the head, turning into lethargy.

Here, apparently, the general psychomotor retardation that accompanies a decrease in mood is affected, which is also manifested in slowness of speech and thinking. They are often reproached for slowness, inefficiency, lack of persistence and determination. Most often, they are not capable of long-term volitional effort, they are easily lost, and fall into despair. They see only mistakes and mistakes in what has been done, and insurmountable difficulties in the future. They experience real troubles especially painfully, cannot get them out of their heads, and again and again blame themselves “for all mortal sins.” Events of past and present life, regardless of their actual content, cause remorse, a depressing premonition of troubles and misfortunes.

Low scores on the depression scale reflect natural cheerfulness, energy, and enterprise. The subjects of this group are distinguished by wealth, flexibility and versatility of the psyche, ease in interpersonal relationships, self-confidence, success in performing various types of activities that require activity, enthusiasm and determination. However, lack of constraint and lack of impulse control can lead to superficiality, failure to keep promises, inconsistency, and carelessness, which leads to loss of trust and resentment on the part of comrades.

Scale IV – irritability

Scale IV (irritability) allows you to judge emotional stability.

Poor self-regulation of mental states, often incapable of work that requires a certain amount of tension, a higher level of control over actions, volitional efforts, concentration, and composure. Situations with a high degree of uncertainty are poorly tolerated, regarding them as difficult to overcome. They get lost easily and fall into despair. Acutely experiencing their failure, they can, along with self-accusatory reactions, demonstrate hostility towards others. Conflict behavior, as a rule, is the most frequently chosen form of defense against traumatic experiences. Traits of demonstrativeness can be combined with a desire to leave the circle of wide social contacts.

High scores indicate an unstable emotional state with a tendency to react emotionally. Persons with high scores on the “irritability” factor are prone to inconstancy, shirk their duties, ignore generally accepted rules, make no effort to comply with social requirements and cultural norms, disdain moral values, and are capable of dishonesty and lies for their own benefit.

High scores on the “irritability” factor are more typical for individuals with a stable range of neurotic reactions, but can also manifest themselves in antisocial psychopaths and delinquents. Individuals with low values ​​of the “irritability” factor are characterized by such traits as a sense of responsibility, conscientiousness, and firm moral principles. In their behavior, they are guided by a sense of duty, strictly observe ethical standards, and always strive to fulfill social requirements. These individuals are deeply decent not because they monitor their behavior, but because of their internal standards and demands on themselves. They respect moral standards, are precise and careful in business, love order in everything, respect laws, and do not engage in dishonest acts, even if this does not threaten any consequences. High conscientiousness is usually combined with high control and a desire to promote universal human values. This factor positively correlates with educational success and the level of achievement in the social sphere. It is typical for persons whose profession requires accuracy, commitment and conscientiousness: administrators, lawyers, notaries, proofreaders, etc.

Scale V – sociability

Scale V (sociability) characterizes both potential opportunities and actual manifestations of social activity.

High scores indicate the presence of a pronounced need for communication and constant readiness to satisfy this need. High values ​​of the “sociability” factor are characterized by richness and brightness of emotional manifestations, naturalness and ease of behavior, willingness to cooperate, sensitive, attentive attitude towards people, kindness and kindness. Such persons are sociable, have many close friends, and in friendship they are caring, responsive, warm in relationships, always show active participation in the fate of their comrades, know about their experiences, joys and concerns. They themselves worry and rejoice with them, actively help others, and take an ardent part in their personal lives. They have a wide circle of friends and acquaintances and get along with people easily. People are drawn to them, everyone feels comfortable and calm in their company. They themselves feel better in public, are bored alone, seek company, willingly take part in all group activities, love to work and relax in a team.

For low values ​​of the “sociability” factor, such traits as flattenedness, lethargy of affect, absence of lively, vibrant emotions, coldness, and formality of interpersonal relationships are typical. Persons with low scores on the “sociability” factor avoid intimacy, are not interested in the lives of their friends, support only external forms of friendly relations, their acquaintances are superficial and formal. The company of people does not attract them, they love loneliness, they are burdened by contacts and communication, they prefer to “communicate” with books and things. On their own initiative they do not communicate with anyone except their immediate family.

Scale VI – balance

Scale VI (balance) reflects resistance to stress.

High scores indicate good protection against stress factors in ordinary life situations, based on self-confidence, optimism and activity. High scores on the “balance” factor indicate the absence of internal tension, freedom from conflicts, satisfaction with oneself and one’s successes, and readiness to follow norms and requirements.

Low scores on the “balance” factor indicate a state of maladaptation, anxiety, loss of control over drives, and severe disorganization of behavior.

Frank stories about themselves are dominated by complaints about insomnia, chronic fatigue and exhaustion, their own inferiority and inadequacy, helplessness, loss of strength, inability to concentrate, understand their own experiences, a feeling of unbearable loneliness and much more. Such people are characterized by others as tense, nervous, conflict-ridden, stubborn, isolated, selfish and disordered in behavior. Lack of conformity and discipline is the most common external characteristic of their behavior. A more detailed individual characteristic of persons with a high level of disordered behavior can be obtained from assessments on lower-level scales that form this factor.

Scale VII – reactive aggressiveness

Scale VII (reactive aggressiveness) aims to identify the presence of signs of extra-intense psychopathization.

High scores indicate a high level of psychopathization, characterized by an aggressive attitude towards the social environment and a pronounced desire for dominance. High grades are evidence of moral inferiority and lack of higher social feelings.

Feelings of pride, duty, love, shame, etc. are empty words for such people. They are indifferent to praise and punishment, neglect responsibilities, and do not take into account community rules and moral and ethical standards.

With a decrease in spiritual interests, vital drives are strengthened. These subjects are distinguished by a great love for sensual pleasures and pleasures. The craving for pleasure and thrills is stronger than any delays or restrictions. They strive for immediate, urgent satisfaction of their desires, regardless of the circumstances and desires of others. Criticism and remarks addressed to oneself are perceived as an encroachment on personal freedom. They experience hostile feelings towards those individuals who, at least to some extent, try to control their behavior and force them to stay within socially acceptable limits.

Despite the violent emotions when desires arise and the activity in obtaining satisfaction, their desires are unstable. Satiety quickly sets in with a feeling of boredom and irritation. Previously ready to do anything to satisfy their passion, they suddenly become not just cold or indifferent, but angry and cruel. They take special pleasure in showing their power and making loved ones suffer, whose favor they just recently so strenuously sought.

Extreme selfishness and selfishness determine all their actions and behavior. To satisfy their own desires and ambitions, they are ready to expend a lot of effort and energy, but do not consider it necessary to fulfill their obligations to other people.

Low scores on the “spontaneous aggressiveness” scale indicate increased identification with social norms, conformity, compliance, modesty, dependence, and possibly a narrow range of interests. Persons with low scores on this scale are inactive, constrained, timid, soft, and are content with what is already accessible and available. In their activities they lack assertiveness and perseverance, especially in achieving purely personal goals. They are submissive, compliant, agree too easily with power and authority, are always ready to listen and accept advice from an older or experienced person, their own activity is insufficient.

Scale VIII – Shyness

Scale VIII (shyness) reflects a predisposition to a stressful response to ordinary life situations, occurring in a passive-defensive manner.

High scores on the scale reflect the presence of anxiety, stiffness, and uncertainty, which results in difficulties in social contacts. High scores on the factor indicate indecision and self-doubt. Such people are afraid of everything, avoid risky situations, meet unexpected events with anxiety, and expect only trouble from any changes.

When faced with the need to make a decision, they either hesitate excessively or delay it for a long time and do not begin to implement it. The phase of the struggle of motives and hesitations is prolonged until it is impossible to move on to a decision.

In communication, they are shy, constrained, shy, try not to stand out, stay in the shadows and not interfere in anything. Large companies are avoided; a narrow circle of old, trusted friends is preferred to wide communication.

Persons with low scores on the shyness factor are courageous, decisive, risk-taking, and do not get confused when faced with unfamiliar things and circumstances. They make decisions quickly and immediately begin to implement them, they do not know how to wait patiently, they cannot tolerate delays and hesitations, duality and ambivalence. In a team they behave freely, independently, even somewhat arrogantly, they take liberties, like to interfere in everything, and always be in sight.

Low scores for this factor are found in people whose profession is associated with risk (acrobats, pilots, race drivers, firefighters, stuntmen, etc.).

Scale IX - openness

Scale IX (openness) makes it possible to characterize the attitude towards the social environment and the level of self-criticism, assess the reliability of the results and, to a certain extent, correct the conclusion.

It is generally accepted that if a subject scores from 8 to 10 points on this scale (primary indicators), then this result indicates his adequate reaction to the test procedure, his readiness to answer with minimal subjective distortions.

High scores indicate a desire for trusting and frank interaction with other people with a high level of self-criticism. Ratings on this scale can, to one degree or another, contribute to the analysis of the sincerity of the subject’s answers when working with this questionnaire, which corresponds to the lie scales of other questionnaires.

Scale X – extraversion-introversion

High scores on the scale correspond to a pronounced extroverted personality, low scores correspond to a pronounced introverted personality.

High scores on the “extraversion-introversion” scale are characteristic of extroverted, active, ambitious individuals who strive for public recognition and leadership, who are not embarrassed when people pay attention to them, who do not experience difficulties in communication, in establishing contacts, and who willingly take on leading roles. in relationships with others. These individuals have great social dexterity, lively speech, high activity, skillfully evaluate relationships in a team and know how to use other people to achieve their own goals. They attach great importance to social success and seek public recognition of their personal merits by all means, which can cause dissatisfaction on the part of those people with whom they have to deal.

Low scores on the introversion scale indicate difficulties in contacts, isolation, unsociability, and a desire for activities not related to broad communication. Introverted subjects in situations of forced communication are easily disorganized, do not know how to choose an adequate line of behavior, act either constrained or overly loose, get nervous, and easily lose their mental balance. Perhaps for this reason they try to maintain distance in relationships. However, they are not affected by their aloofness, they simply try to stay in the shadows, without interfering in anything or imposing their point of view. Pretense and intrigue are not typical of them; they respect the rights of others, value individuality and originality in people, and believe that everyone has the right to their own point of view.

They pay great attention to work, see the meaning of life in this, value professionalism and skill, and consider a job well done as a personal reward.

Scale XI – emotional lability

High scores indicate instability of the emotional state, manifested in frequent mood swings, increased excitability, irritability, and insufficient self-regulation.

High scores on the “emotional lability” factor indicate a fine spiritual organization, sensitivity, vulnerability, artistry, and artistic perception of the environment. Individuals who score high on this factor cannot tolerate rude words, rude people, or rude work. Real life hurts them easily. They are soft, feminine, immersed in fantasy, poetry and music; “animal” needs do not interest them. Although their behavior is courteous, polite and delicate, they try not to cause inconvenience to other people, they do not enjoy special love from the team, since they often introduce disorganization and disagreement into purposeful, well-organized group activities, prevent the group from following a realistic path, and distract group members from the main activity .

High scores on the “emotional lability” factor may be associated with a state of maladjustment, anxiety, loss of control over impulses, and severe disorganization of behavior.

Low scores can characterize not only high stability of the emotional state as such, but also good self-control.

Low scores on the factor are found in people who are emotionally mature, not prone to fantasies, and who think soberly and realistically. Their interests are narrow and uniform, they are not interested in subjective and spiritual values, art does not captivate them, science seems boring, overly abstract and divorced from life. In their behavior, they are guided by reliable, truly tangible values, and do nothing without personal gain. The successes of other people and their own are assessed by material wealth and official position. Although in communication they lack delicacy and tact, they enjoy sympathy and respect from people; their rudeness and harshness often does not offend, but attracts people to themselves; they see in it not manifestations of bitterness, but directness and frankness. They are characterized by a lack of internal tension, freedom from conflicts, satisfaction with themselves and their successes, and a willingness to follow norms and requirements.

Scale XII – masculinism-feminism

High scores indicate the course of mental activity predominantly according to the male type, low - according to the female type.

High scores on the “masculinism-feminism” scale indicate courage, enterprise, a desire for self-affirmation, a tendency to take risks, and take quick, decisive actions without sufficient thought and justification.

The interests of such people are narrow and practical, their judgments are sober and realistic, their behavior lacks originality and originality. They try to avoid complex, confusing situations and neglect shades and halftones. They have a poor understanding of the true motives of their own and others’ behavior, are condescending towards their weaknesses, are not prone to reflection and introspection, love sensual pleasures, and believe in strength, not art.

Persons with low scores on the scale are sensitive, prone to worry, soft, compliant, modest in behavior, but not in self-esteem. They have broad, varied, poorly differentiated interests, a developed imagination, and a craving for fantasy and aesthetic pursuits. They show interest in philosophical, moral, ethical and ideological problems and at times demonstrate excessive preoccupation with personal problems, a tendency to introspection and self-criticism. This absorption in personal problems and experiences is neither neurotic nor infantile. They have a heightened interest in people and the nuances of interpersonal relationships, and they have an understanding of the driving forces of human behavior. They are able to accurately feel other people, know how to express their thoughts emotionally, interest other people in their problems, and gently, without pressure, win them over to their side.

Their behavior lacks courage, determination and perseverance. They are passive, dependent, avoid competition, easily give in, obey, and easily accept help and support.